Studies on promoting social adaptability of children with chronic diseases

为寻求促进慢性病患儿社会适应能力的护理策略，本研究进行了以下研究：(1)对10 ~ 18岁需要定期门诊检查的糖尿病、癌症、肾病、心脏病、哮喘、癫痫患儿的自我保健行为、压力、社会支持、独立性、学校生活、家庭生活、疾病控制进行研究。对各种疾病进行分析，寻找与儿童社会适应能力相关的因素。社会适应能力从自我照顾行为、学校生活、消极情绪、独立性和疾病控制四个方面进行评估。(2)以10 ~ 18岁的健康儿童为研究对象，比较慢性疾病儿童与健康儿童的社会支持和压力。(3)针对糖尿病儿童，在(1)的基础上，制定了提高独立性的教育方法。此外，还制作了一份自我照顾行为评估问卷，并进行了效度和信度评估。为提高慢性病患儿的社会适应能力，建议护士与糖尿病患儿共同使用问卷对其自我护理行为进行评估，制定解决方案，并在就诊时进行继续教育。(4)采用30项IDDM自我保健行为问卷，了解糖尿病儿童自我保健行为的变化及其与健康促进行为的关系。(5)对门诊和住院慢性肾病患儿的自我护理行为、压力和社会支持进行比较。此外，对慢性肾病患儿及其母亲出院前后的自我护理知识和认知进行研究，探讨教育方法。

To find nursing strategies for promoting social adaptability of children with chronic diseases, the following studies were conducted.(1) Studied self-care behaviors, stress, social support, independence, school life, family life, and illness control among children aged from 10 to 18 with diabetes, cancer, kidney disease, heart disease, asthma, and epilepsy who needed regular checkups at the outpatient units. Analysis was done each and among diseases to find factors related to social adaptability of children. Social adaptability was evaluated in terms of self-care behaviors, school life, negative feelings, independence, and illness control.(2) To compare social support and stress of chronically ill children with healthy children, healthy children aged from 10 to 18 were studied.(3) About children with diabetes, educational methods to increase independence were developed based on the results of (1). In addition, a questionnaire to assess self-care behaviors was created and evaluated on validity and reliability. For promoting social adaptability of children with chronic diseases, it was suggested that nurses and diabetic children needed to evaluate self-care behaviors using the questionnaire together for making solutions and to continue education at the clinic visits.(4) By using 30 item questionnaire of IDDM self-care behaviors, changes of self-care behaviors of children with diabetes and its relationships with health promoting behaviors.(5) Self-care behaviors, stress, and social support of children with chronic kidney disease were compared in outpatient and inpatient units. In addition, knowledge and perceptions about self-care of children with chronic kidney disease and their mothers were studied for educational methods before and after discharge.