The relationship between sport promotion and city development

日本的体育推广经历了以地方政府和社团为主导的“社会体育”时代，到以居民自发参与为基础的“社区体育”时代。随着时间的推移和体育行为模式的改变，“终身体育”的时代已经到来。为科普新纪元的发展，我们需要一个具吸引力的体育活动和一个容易进入的社区体育会。然而，体育促进系统组织不完善，难以迅速应对不断变化的体育需求。本研究的目的是获得有关日本体育与社区发展之间关系的基本信息。为此，作者调查了三个不同的案件。这些是：（1）通过体育赛事作为城市发展的催化剂（秋田县与世界运动会、札幌市与FIFA世界杯、野冈市与田径赛事）、（2）通过地方体育促进城市复兴（科比市和体育NPO，福冈市和社区体育计划，岩田市和当地货币），（3）建立城市与职业体育的系统关系。研究发现，居民、地方政府、企业和其他相关组织的各种宣传活动激活了体育与社区之间的系统关系。换句话说，各种各样的推广努力成为引发地方创新的触发器，从而在地方社区的不同组织之间产生合作。

Sport promotion in Japan started from the era of "Shakai-taiiku," which mainly led by the local government and the corporation, to the era of "Community sport" based upon resident's spontaneous sport participation. As time goes on and the pattern of sport behavior changed, the era of "Life-long sport" emerged. To cope with the new era, what we need is an attractive sporting event and community sport club which is easy to access. However, the sport promotion system is not well organized and difficult to respond quickly changing sport needs. The purpose of this study is to acquire basic information regarding the relationship between sport and community development in Japan. To do so, the authors investigated three different cases. These are : (1)the development of the city through sport event as a catalyst (Akita prefecture and the Worlds Games, Sapporo city and FIFA World Cup, and Nobeoka city and Athletic event), (2)revitalization of the city through local sport promotion (Kobe city and sport NPO, Fukuoka city and community sport program, Iwata city and the local currency), and (3)the establishment of the systematic relationship between the city and professional sport. The authors found that a variety of promotional effort conducted by the resident, the local government, the corporations, and other related organizations activated the systematic relationship between sport and community. In other words, a variety of promotional effort became a trigger to induce local innovation that produced collaboration among diverse organizations in the local community.