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A basic studies for development of home-learning system designed to facilitate knowledge consolidation by decontextualization

旨在通过去情境化促进知识巩固的家庭学习系统开发的基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
11680215
负责人：
ISARIDA Takeo
金额：
$ 2.05万
依托单位：
SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The main findings of this research are as follows :(1) Effects of environmental context manipulated by the combination of place and task on free recallFour experiments were conducted to clarify the combined and respective effects of contextual elements on memory. The results showed that the combined effect was significant, but the respective effects were not significant. The results suggest that the combined-element context may function not as an incidental context but rather as an interactive context.(2) Environmental context effects of background colors in free recallTwo experiments were conducted to clarify context effects of background colors. In the first experiment, two background colors were randomly alternated item by item, and in the second experiment, a common background color was presented for every item. Presentation rate was varied orthogonally with background color. The background-color context effects were found when they changed item by item, and the effects were independent of presentation rate. On the other hand, no effects were found when one color was presented for every item. the results imply that the functions of background colors and combined-element context were not the same.(3) Effects of environmental-context variability in repetition on free recallFour experiments were conducted to clarify effects of contextual variability in repetition on free recall. Participants were required to encode the same items twice in the same or different context. Context was manipulated by the combination of place, encoding task, and social factors. The results showed that same-context repetition was superior to different-context repetition in free recall performance. The results indicate that combined-element context may not decontextualized. Contextual variability of repetition may involve the processes of knowledge consolidation in more complex fashion.

本研究的主要结果如下：（1）地点与任务相结合的环境语境对自由回忆的影响本研究通过四个实验来探讨环境语境因素对自由回忆的影响。结果表明，综合效应显著，但单独效应不显著。结果表明，组合元素的背景下，可能不会作为一个偶然的背景，而是作为一个互动的背景。(2)背景颜色在自由回忆中的环境背景效应通过两个实验来研究背景颜色的背景效应。在第一个实验中，两种背景颜色被随机地一个项目一个项目地交替，在第二个实验中，每个项目呈现一个共同的背景颜色。呈现率与背景颜色呈正交变化。背景颜色的情境效应在逐项改变时存在，且与呈现率无关。另一方面，当每个项目都呈现一种颜色时，没有发现任何影响。结果表明，背景颜色和组合元素语境的作用并不相同。(3)重复中的环境-语境变异性对自由回忆的影响本研究通过四个实验来探讨重复中的语境变异性对自由回忆的影响。参与者被要求在相同或不同的上下文中对相同的项目进行两次编码。语境是由地点、编码任务和社会因素共同操纵的。结果表明，在自由回忆成绩上，同语境重复上级异语境重复。结果表明，组合元素的上下文可能不会去语境化。重复的语境变化可能涉及知识巩固的过程中更复杂的方式。