Development of regular check-up system of slope stability using RTK-GPS

RTK-GPS边坡稳定性定期检测系统的开发

• 批准号: 11680468
• 负责人: FUKUOKA Hiroshi
• 金额: $ 0.83万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11680468/
• 关键词: Real-time Kinematic (RTK) GPS; Landslide Monitoring; Short-time; high-precision positioning; 斜面定期健康診断システム; RTK-GPS; 斜面災害; ハザードマップ; 移動観測; 斜面定期健康診断

GPS have realized high precision survey of even a single nail on the ground. Real-Time Kinematic (RTK)-GPS can survey more points in shorter period than conventional static GPS. RTK-GPS could realize "regular check-up system of slope stability" system by detecting landslide precursor movement. Fundamental research was conducted for developing the system using RTK-GPS and obtained following results.1. Stability of RTK-GPS positioning was examined by 24-hrs continuous monitoring at a fixed point. Standard deviation of horizontal positioning was 3 mm. No drifting nor jump was observed. Power on/off test was conducted, however obtained first position dispersed not wider than 1 cm. These results imply high stability of RTK-GPS positioning. Static GPS needs more than 2 hours for positioning a point with precision of smaller than 5 mm, however, 300 epochs in 5 minutes by RTK-GPS 1-second-monitoring show standard deviation of only about 3 mm in North-South and East-West and about 6 mm in Up-Down component. This result means RTK-GPS has enough capability of detecting 5 mm of movement.2. Short-time RTK-GPS survey was repeated in Nuta landslide, Kochi Prefecture over the research period. Results show ; (1) 300 epochs in 5 minutes show only 3 mm of standard deviation even on slopes. (2) Movement vectors of the survey points in Nuta landslide in different landslide blocks show different movement direction. This implies that RTK-GPS can be used for landslide block discrimination.3. Automatic GPS antenna tripod stabilizer was developed using a electronic inclinometer and servo-motor. It can assist RTK-GPS short time survey because it can help setting the antenna exactly above the survey nail on the ground in a minute and keep it within 1 mm during the survey time even on soft ground. This system was applied for patent through Kansai TLO to the Japanese Patent Office.

GPS已经实现了对地面上一颗钉子的高精度测量。实时动态（RTK）-GPS可以在更短的时间内测量更多的点比传统的静态GPS。RTK-GPS通过监测滑坡前兆运动，实现“边坡稳定性定期监测系统”。为开发基于RTK-GPS的系统进行了基础研究，取得了以下成果.通过定点24小时连续监测，检验了RTK-GPS定位的稳定性。水平定位的标准偏差为3 mm。未观察到漂移或跳跃。进行了电源开/关测试，但获得的第一个位置分散不超过1 cm。这些结果表明RTK-GPS定位的高稳定性。静态GPS定位精度小于5 mm的点需要2小时以上，而RTK-GPS 1秒监测5分钟300历元，南北和东西方向的标准差仅为3 mm左右，上下方向的标准差仅为6 mm左右。这一结果意味着RTK-GPS有足够的能力检测5 mm的运动.在研究期间，在高知县的努塔滑坡中重复了短时RTK-GPS测量。结果表明：（1）在5分钟内300个历元，即使在斜坡上，标准差也只有3 mm。(2)努塔滑坡不同滑坡块体测点的运动矢量表现出不同的运动方向。这说明RTK-GPS可以用于滑坡块体的判别.利用电子测斜仪和伺服电机研制了GPS天线三脚架自动稳定器。它可以帮助RTK-GPS短时间测量，因为它可以帮助在一分钟内将天线精确地设置在地面上的测量钉上方，并且即使在软地面上也可以在测量时间内将其保持在1 mm以内。该系统通过关西TLO向日本专利局申请了专利。

项目成果

H.Fukuoka: "Application of Realtime Kinematic GPS to Landslide Monitoring"Proc. ISSMGE ATC-9 Field Workshop on Landslides and Natural/Cultural Heritages in Turkey. 211-220 (2001)

H.Fukuoka：“实时运动GPS在滑坡监测中的应用”Proc。

福岡浩, 古谷元, 末峯章, 小山内信智: "RTK-GPSの短時間測位による地すべり移動観測の試み"第38回(社)日本地すべり学会研究発表会講演集. 175-178 (1999)

Hiroshi Fukuoka、Hajime Furuya、Akira Suemine、Nobutomo Koyamauchi：“尝试使用 RTK-GPS 短时定位观察滑坡运动”第 38 届日本滑坡学会研究会议记录 175-178 (1999)。

福岡 浩: "GPS等を用いた地すべり地の移動観測(その3)"地すべり技術. Vol.28, No.1. 14-21 (2001)

Hiroshi Fukuoka：“利用 GPS 等观测滑坡现场的运动（第 3 部分）”《滑坡技术》第 28 卷，第 14-21 期（2001 年）。

福岡 浩: "「防災ハンドブック」4.2.(4)現地計測による発生予知"朝倉書店. 218-222 (2001)

福冈浩：《防灾手册 4.2.(4) 通过现场测量进行预测》朝仓书店 218-222 (2001)。

Fukuoka, H.: "Landslide movement observation using GPS and other instruments (2)"Landslide Control Techniques. Vol. 27, No. 3 (81) (in Japanese). 24-31 (2001)

福冈，H.：“使用GPS和其他仪器观测滑坡运动（2）”滑坡控制技术。