A BASIC STUDY FOR CO-CONSERVATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL AND BIOLOGICAL LANDSCAPES IN A VOLCANIC REGION.

描述了龟山高山植物的分布格局，并对相关的环境因素进行了研究。在卡拉加玛火山口，火山口壁较高的区域主要覆盖着冷杉和白桦，喀拉加玛火山口底部的土壤剖面表明，该地区处于湿冷环境。火山口周围有许多自然破坏的地点，沙子和砾石源源不断地输送到火山口的底部。这种环境条件可能导致喀拉加马火山口内和周围土壤结构的规整，以及高山植物的大量生长地理调查表明，这种植物是由于在老海区形成霜柱而引起的土壤运动而从结构土壤的沙带中移走的。对热带菌的研究表明，生长在山顶的大多数高山植物物种都受寒冷气候的调节，但在这个生态系统中可能有较好的微孔菌系统。这表明，在火山生态系统中，微型真菌对高山植物的生存起着重要的作用。短叶松和冷杉、动物和火山酸湖泊的凋落物中的植物群分布格局表明，该火山区的分解系统受寒冷气候的调节，但可能适合于该生态系统内的物质循环。

ALPINE PLANTS DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AT MT.KUSATSU MOTOSHIRANE WERE DESCRIBED AND SOME RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS WERE INVESTIGATED.AT THE KARAGAMA VOLCANIC CRATER, HIGHER AREA OF THE CRATER WALL IS MAINLY COVERED WITH ABIES VEITCHIIAND BETULA ERMANII, AND LOWER AREA IS COVERED WITH PINUS PUMILA AND VACCINIUM ULIGINOSUM.THIS DISTRIBUTION PATTERN IS CONTRARY TO THE GENERAL PATTERN OF THESE SPECIES.CONTINUOUS AIR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT REVEALED THAT THE HIGHER AREA WAS WARMER THAN THE LOWER AREA DURING THE WINTER SEASON.THE SOIL PROFILE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE KARAGAMA VOLCANIC CRATER SUGGESTS THAT THIS AREA IS UNDER WET AND COLD ENVIRONMENT.THERE ARE MANY NATURALLY-DESTRUCTED SITES AROUND THE CRATER AND SANDS AND GRAVELS ARE CONTINUOUSLY SUPPLIED TO THE BOTTOM OF THE CRATER.THESE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS MAY CAUSE THE UNIQUE PATTERN OF THE VEGETATION IN THE CRATER.THERE ARE SOME SITES WITH STRUCTURED SOILS IN AND AROUND THE KARAGAMA CRATER AND ENORMOUS NUMBER OF AN ALPINE PLANT, DICENTRA PEREGRINA, ARE PLANTED THERE.THE GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY REVEALED THAT THIS PLANT WAS REMOVED FROM THE SAND BELT OF THE STRUCTURED SOILS BY SOIL MOVEMENT CAUSED BY THE CREATION OF FROST COLUMNS DURING THE OLD SEASON.INVESTIGATION OF RHIZOSPHERIC FUNGI SHOWED THAT MOST OF THE ALPINE PLANT SPECIES GROWING AT THE TOP OF THE MT.KUSATSU MOTOSHIRANE AND MT.KUSATSU SIRANE HAVE MICORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS.THIS SUGGEST THAT THE MICORRHIZAL FUNGI PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE FOR ALPINE PLANT SURVIVAL IN THE VOLCANIC REGION.FUNGAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS IN LITTERS OF PINUS PUMILA AND ABIES VEITCHII, ANIMAL DUNGS AND VOLCANIC ACID LAKES REVEALED THAT THE DECOMPOSITION SYSTEM IN THIS VOLCANIC REGION IS REGULATED BY THE COLD CLIMATE, BUT MAYBE GOOD ENOUGH FOR MATTER CYCLING WITHIN THIS ECOSYSTEM.