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Basic Reseach for Using as a New Environmental Indicator

作为新环境指标的基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
11680542
负责人：
SEKI Riki
金额：
$ 2.5万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Lichens have been considered to accumulate some kind of pollutants in the environment. To confirm this, we investigate the elemental concentration and radioactivity level of lichens collected in various places in Japan. We determined elemental concentrations of Japanese lichens using instrumental neutron activation analysis. The ^<137>Cs concentration of samples were measured by γ-ray spectromoetry using HPGe detector.Species of Cladonia rangiferina, Parmotrema tinctrum, Rimelia clavulifera and Flavoparmelia caperata are selected, which were relatively easily available in Japan. We collected samples in 40 places in Japan. Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, As, Br and I were detected in Thalli in the present study.Generally, the concentration of each element distributes within relatively narrow range irrespect of their habitat, which some elements spread over a relatively wide inflecting their habitat. For example, concentration of Al and V in Parmelia strongly depends on their substrate, bark or rock. Arsenic was not detected in almost of all samples except Cladonia carassensis subsp. Japonica and Cladonia vulcani living around fumerole. Rimelia clavulifera living under the edge of copper roof shrine showed particularly higher concentration of Cu than that living in the other places.In this study we obtained typical concentrations of chemical element in Japanese lichen and some exceptional levels inflecting their habitat. We expect that lichen is an indicator of chemical elements.We observed the highest value of 87Bq/kg in the sample collected in Hokkaido, the most northern part of Japan. The result is consisitent with the hipothesis that the ^<137>Cs fallout level increased as higher the altitude in Japan.

地衣被认为会在环境中积聚某种污染物。为了证实这一点，我们调查了在日本各地收集的地衣的元素浓度和放射性水平。我们用仪器中子活化分析法测定了日本地衣的元素浓度。用HPGe探测器用γ射线谱法测定了样品的^<137>Cs浓度。选取了在日本比较容易获得的花枝枝、花枝枝、花叶枝和黄花枝。我们在日本的40个地方收集了样本。本研究检测了菌体中Na、Mg、Cl、K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、As、Br和I。一般来说，每种元素的浓度分布在相对较窄的范围内，与它们的栖息地无关，有些元素的分布范围相对较广，影响了它们的栖息地。例如，Parmelia中Al和V的浓度在很大程度上取决于它们的基质，树皮或岩石。除卡拉蛙亚种外，几乎所有样品均未检出砷。生活在火山喷发孔附近的日本属和火山克拉多尼亚属。生活在铜屋顶神殿边缘下的蒺藜的铜浓度明显高于其他地方的蒺藜。本研究获得了日本地衣中化学元素的典型浓度和一些影响其生境的异常浓度。我们认为地衣是化学元素的指示物。我们在日本最北部的北海道采集的样本中观察到最高的87Bq/kg。这一结果与日本海拔越高铯沉降水平越高的假设相一致。