On the Placement System after Admission into Universities in the U.S.A.

1999年，当这个项目开始的时候，日本的很多大学开始采用“通过招生办公室（AO）入学”的制度，这个项目对它的迅速推广起到了很大的作用。入学考试的多样化、入学标准的多样化以及大学申请者之间激烈竞争的缓解，由于子女数量的减少，导致了一所大学甚至一个系学生的基本学术技能的巨大差异。因此，基本学术技能的补习教育已成为提高大学课堂效率的最重要问题之一。从这个角度出发，我们对日本四年制大学各院系的补习教育进行了调查，结果表明，很多大学都在解决如何提高学生的基本学术技能的问题。可以预见，“如何保持大学生的基本学术水平”、“大学教授队伍的发展”、“改进录取方法”等问题将成为大学改革的主要问题。在项目中，我们还调查报告了；外国特别是美国和英国的教育制度，包括录取方法，提高学生的基本学术能力，教授的就业和晋升政策以及教师发展（FD）。部分项目成员实际参加了海外大学的新教授FD会议，并报告了会议的细节。我们邀请了一些在海外大学任教的人，以及有海外教学经验的人，他们现在在日本的大学任教，为我们的期末考试做贡献，并向我们介绍他们对日本大学的看法。在这个项目中，我们不仅尝试引进国外的教育体系，而且在教育中考虑日本文化的同时，进行有助于日本大学教师理解的研究。从这个角度来看，我们对这个项目的成果感到非常自豪

In the year 1999, when this project started, a lot of universities in Japan began adopting the system of"entrance through the Admissions Office (AO)"and this project contributed much to its rapid spread. The diversification in entrance exams, standards of admission and the easing of the highly competitive situation among the applicants to universities, in consequence of the decline in the number of children, have caused a big disparity in basic academic skills of students in a university or even in a department. As a result, remedial education of basic academic skills has become one of the most important issues in order to make classes in a university efficient.From that point of view, we carried out investigations about remedial education in all the departments of four-year universities in Japan, and the results indicate that a lot of universities are tackling the problem of how to improve students' basic academic skills. It can be expected that issues like"How to maintain the basic a … More cademic standards of university students","Faculty development of university professors", and"Improvement of the methods of admission"would become major concerns for university reformation.In the project, we also investigated and reported on ; The Education System in Foreign Countries especially in the U.S.A.and the U.K., including the Methods of Admission, Improving the Basic Academic Ability of Students, the Employment and Promotion Policy of Professors as well as Faculty Development (FD). Some members of the project actually attended FD sessions for newly appointed professors in an overseas university and reported the details of the sessions. We asked some people who are teaching in overseas universities and who have experienced teaching overseas and are now teaching in Japanese universities to contribute to our final and to present us their views concerning Japanese universities.In this project, we always tried not only to introduce education systems in foreign countries but also to carry out research that can contribute to the Japanese university faculty members' understanding while still considering Japanese culture in education. From that point of view, we are very proud of the results of this project Less