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International Usage of Social Survey Data

社会调查数据的国际使用

基本信息

批准号：
12301007
负责人：
AKIYAMA Hiroko
金额：
$ 15.32万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Cross-national research has attracted a growing number of social scientists. The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in large scale cross-national surveys involving Japan. At the same time, cross-national comparative statistics have come to play an increasingly important role in influencing public opinion and policy decisions on various issues. In contrast to increasing attention drawn to survey statistics, very limited attention has been given to how those statistics were generated. Indeed, while the statistics are usually accepted just as they are reported, the grounds for their validity, reliability or authenticity are not as solid as generally assumed. We found the sampling methods employed in Japanese social surveys are generally robust, but response sets commonly observed among Japanese respondents and the cultural validity of 'standardized' measures which were developed and tested in the United States, present an enormous challenge.Designing a cross-national survey involves a complicated network of trade-offs which must be weighed during the strategy formulation stage. We strongly feel a need for a theoretical model and practical guidelines for cross-national surveys. It is imperative to take into account an interdependent set of decisions, the design of sample, the nonresponse issue, the organizational structure of the collecting system, measurement validity and comparability as well as survey costs. Such a model is needed to guide the design of a total survey system to substitute the present intuitive approach that results in suboptimization of crucial elements of cross-national surveys.

跨国研究吸引了越来越多的社会科学家。在过去的二十年里，涉及日本的大规模跨国调查急剧增加。与此同时，跨国比较统计在影响公众舆论和各种问题的决策方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。与调查统计数据得到越来越多的关注相比，这些统计数据是如何产生的问题得到的关注非常有限。事实上，虽然统计数据通常在报告时就被接受，但其有效性、可靠性或真实性的依据并不像一般假设的那样坚实。我们发现，日本社会调查中采用的抽样方法总体上是稳健的，但在日本受访者中普遍观察到的回答集以及在美国开发和测试的“标准化”措施的文化有效性，提出了一个巨大的挑战。设计一个跨国调查涉及一个复杂的权衡网络，必须在战略制定阶段进行权衡。我们强烈感到需要为跨国调查制定理论模式和实际准则。必须考虑到一系列相互依存的决定、抽样设计、不答复问题、收集系统的组织结构、计量的有效性和可比性以及调查费用。需要这样一个模式来指导总体调查系统的设计，以取代目前的直观方法，这种方法导致跨国调查关键要素的次优化。