Viral Vector Vaccine Development for Bovine Piroplasmosis in Japan

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(1) in vitro experimental culture system of Theileria orientalis sergenti has been established and it has been demonstrated that this system might be very useful for studies of parasite penetration of or liberation from red blood cells, proliferation of parasites, and the development of inhibitory medicines.(2) The cloning and characterization of several genes of Babesia rodhaini, B. microti, B. gibsoni, B. equi and B. caballi, which belong to the same order, Piroplasmidora, to T. orientalis sergenti, were carried out to get the fundamental and crucial information for the viral vector vaccine development of T. orientalis sergenti infections.(3) The gene cloning and molecular characterization of several bioactive molecules of vector ticks, Haemaphyslis longicornis, were carried out and the internal defense mechanisms of vector ticks against Theileria and Babesia parasites were partially clarified. It was verified that Troponin I, peroxiredoxin, and chitinase of vector ticks play important roles for parasite transmission and a candidate molecule for the transmission-blocking vaccine development.(4) The roles of scavenger receptors and interferon-γ on immune response and acquisition of host resistance against repeated infestations with H. longicornis were investigated using transgenic knockout mice. The results provide the important information for the development of effective anti-tick vaccine.