An Empirical Study on Social Change of Rural and Urbanized Community

本次调查的目的是为了掌握农村和城市化社区社会变迁的实际情况。为了达到这一目的，我们调查了福岛县山梨镇作为农村社区和崎玉县Hasuda市作为城市化社区两个地区的实际情况。在前者，我们采访了20位区长(Kucho)和许多其他关键人物。在后一阶段，我们对100名病区协会负责人和其他许多关键人物进行了问卷调查。在这两个地区，我们收集了各种行政文件和区级协会拥有的文件。主要发现：1.在这两个地区，字会都具有行政职能，是居民政治活动的基础。此外，他们还开展了许多类型的社区活动。这些活动带来了社区的社会融合。此外，在都市化的社区--长田市的区区--农业区的区会是在明治时代形成的传统区区(‘oaza’)的基础上组织起来的，在这个区区内，居民进行许多活动--主要是维护道路和溢流，增进相互之间的友谊。Yamaturi镇的农村社区病房也是如此。每个社区活动之间的区别是传统地区的守护神的节日。在山吐里镇的区会是一项重要的区会活动，但在鹤田市，却没有纳入区会的社区活动。这种差异取决于传统家庭归属的维持程度(IE)，而Yamaturi镇的选区协会是建立在传统邻里组织(IE-Rengo)的基础上的。但是，家庭继承这一传统的家庭属性难以维系的家庭日益增多，传统的邻里组织正在剥离其诸多内容。

The aim of this investigation is to grasp the actual conditions of social changes of rural and urbanized community. In order to this aim, we investigated the actual conditions of two area, Yamaturi Town in Fukushima Prefecture as rural community and Hasuda City in Saitama Prefecture as urbanized community. At the former, we had interview with 20 ward chiefs('kucho') and many other key persons. At the later, we make an questionnaire investigation to 100 chiefs of ward association ('jichikaicho') and many other key persons. And in both area we collected many sort of administrative documents and the documents that ward associations have possessed.Main findings are :1. In both area, word associations have administrative function and they are basics of political activity of residents. Further they do many sort of community activities. And that activities bring social integration of community.2. Also in urbanized community ―ward in Hasuda City―, ward associations in agricultural area are organized upon traditional ward('oaza') that formed at Meiji era, in this ward residents conduct many activities ― mainly, maintenance of road and overflow and enhancing mutual friendship. And they are so with rural community―ward in Yamaturi Town.3. The difference between each community activity is a festival of the tutelary god of traditional area. In the ward in Yamaturi Town it is an important activity of ward associations, but in Hasuda City, it is not include in community activity of ward associations.4. This difference depends on the degree of maintenance of traditional household-attributions ('ie') and the ward associations in Yamaturi Town are founded on traditional neighborhood organization('ie-rengo'). But the families that have being confronted with difficulty maintaining this traditional attributions of household―succession of household in stem family―increase, and traditional neighborhood organization is stripping of its many contents.