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The Changes of Employment Structure, Work Process, Way of Life and Social Values of Workers

劳动者就业结构、工作流程、生活方式和社会价值观的变化

基本信息

批准号：
12610183
负责人：
FUJITA Eishi
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
Nagoya City University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12610183/
关键词：
work process social organization of work production innovation employment and personnel management cellular production employment structure 組立作業自動車産業電機産業

项目摘要

Our research project studied the changes of employment structure and the changes of ways of work and life since 1990's on both levels, that is, on micro level, for example, on employment management and production system at individual companies on the one hand, and on macro levels, for example, on policies and proposals regarding employment and personnel management adopted or proposed by government, unions and employers associations.According to our research of automobile industry and electric equipment industry, new concept on division of labor has emerged during 1990's. This concept which produced 'completed process' and 'cellular' production system during 1990's is a new idea about division of labor. In order to overcome defects of serial flow line production this concept tries to avoid over-fragmented division of labor and to regard completed work process as important, which consist of functionally meaningful jobs. At this point, this concept and Volvo Uddevalla production system ar … More e in common though both are often thought as utterly different from these appearances. Of course, both have different points for example with regard to method of development and utilization of the abilities of operators. In Japan the range of completeness of tasks of each operators under 'completed process' or cellular production system tends to be determined pragmatically by narrowly defined economies or production efficiencies. As a result many contingent workers have been increasingly utilized in shops. The introduction of the concept of completed work process has gone side by side not only with the innovation of the development process of products and production sites, but also with the reform of personnel management system.The Changes of employment structure on macro level are not radical but gradual in actual situations. Surely during late 1990's new employment practices have spread which introduce market-based principles into employment system within big companies, that is, internal labor market. However, many business leaders of big companies tend to be skeptical about market-based principles, so it is unclear that new employment principles will become dominant. Less

我们的研究项目从微观和宏观两个层面研究了1990年代S以来就业结构的变化和工作方式和生活方式的变化，一方面是对个别企业的用工管理和生产制度的研究，另一方面是对政府、工会和用人单位协会通过或提出的关于就业和人事管理的政策和建议的研究。根据我们对汽车工业和电器行业的研究，在1990年代的S期间出现了新的分工观念。这种观念产生于1990年代的S，这是一种关于分工的新思想。为了克服连续流水线生产的缺陷，这一概念试图避免过于分散的分工，并将完成的工作过程视为重要的，这些工作过程由有功能意义的工作组成。至此，这一概念与沃尔沃UdDevalla生产系统…虽然两者通常被认为与这些外表完全不同，但它们更有共同点。当然，两者都有不同的观点，例如在开发和利用操作员能力的方法方面。在日本，每个操作员在“已完成流程”或蜂窝生产系统下的任务完成范围往往是由狭义定义的经济或生产效率实际决定的。因此，商店越来越多地使用临时工。完整工作流程概念的引入，不仅伴随着产品和生产现场开发流程的创新，也伴随着人事管理制度的改革。就业结构在宏观上的变化并不是根本性的，在实际情况下是渐进的。当然，在20世纪90年代末，S的新用工做法已经蔓延开来，将市场化原则引入大公司内部的用工制度，即内部劳动力市场。然而，许多大公司的商界领袖往往对以市场为基础的原则持怀疑态度，因此还不清楚新的就业原则是否会成为主导。较少