Innovation of Production and Organization, and Employment-Personnel System Reform ; An Empirical Research on Automobile and Electrical Machinery Industries

我们的研究项目团队在日本和国外对日本制造的汽车和电气机械行业的生产和企业组织创新进行了研究。本课题组还考察了日本汽车制造业的用人制度和人事制度改革，完成了生产和企业组织的创新，研究表明，自20世纪90年代后期以来，日本汽车制造业的生产创新已进入第二次创新阶段。这些制造商进行了社会组织的改革，以及雇佣制度和人事制度的改革。在丰田体制中，新丰田体制的第二阶段更加重视创新的生产工程技术，在保持车间改善活动的同时，进行根本性的生产创新。创新生产工程技术的目标是提高生产灵活性， 关于我们 通过简化生产设备开发低成本生产设施，并在生产过程中保持高质量。新丰田系统部署了各种努力，以建立第二阶段的“精益生产系统”。新丰田系统的第二阶段在串行流装配系统中对福特式的装配工作进行了大幅度的修改。通过引入零部件成套系统，缩短装配线长度，大大降低了装配线建设的投资成本。该套件系统在丰田被称为“套件系统（SPS）”。20世纪90年代在丰田所有工厂建立的“完整流程”和标准装配顺序为套件系统奠定了基础。在生产创新的同时，基于“完整生产”的概念对工作组织进行了重组。此外，用人制度和人事制度也进行了改革，以业绩为导向的制度，努力保持员工之间的合作。这些用人制度、人事制度的改革，还在摸索中。少

Our research project team has conducted research on innovation of production and corporate organization in automobile and electrical machinery industries of Japanese manufactures in Japan and abroad. And our research team has investigated reforms of employment system and personnel system of Japanese manufactures completing innovation of production and corporate organization.Our research makes clear innovation of production of Japanese automobile manufactures has been entering into the second stage of innovation since late 1990's. These makers have executed reforms of social organization of work and reforms of employment system and personnel system.In case of Toyota system, the second stage of new Toyota system comes to attach greater importance to innovative production engineering technologies to make radical innovation of production with keeping kaizen activities on workshops. The targets of innovative production engineering technologies are set to increasing production flexibility, d … More eveloping low-cost production facilities by simplification of production equipments, and keeping high quality in production processes. New Toyota system deploys various efforts to establish the second stage of 'lean production system'. The second stage of new Toyota system revised drastically Fordist type of assembly work within serial flow assembly system. Investment cost of building assembly line is greatly reduced by introducing kit system of parts and shortening length of assembly line. The kit system is called 'Set Parts System (SPS) ' in Toyota. 'Complete process' and standard assembly sequence established at all Toyota plants in the 1990s give the base of kit system.In parallel with innovation of production, organization of work has been restructured based on the concept of 'completed production'. And moreover employment system and personnel system has been reformed towards achievement oriented system with efforts to try to keep cooperation among employees. These reforms of employment system and personnel system are still in the process of trial and error. Less