Innovation of Production and Organization, and Employment-Personnel System Reform ; An Empirical Research on Automobile and Electrical Machinery Industries

我们的研究项目团队对日本制造商在日本和海外的汽车和电气机械行业的生产和企业组织创新进行了研究。我们的研究团队考察了日本制造商用工制度和人事制度的改革，完成了生产和企业组织的创新。我们的研究表明，自20世纪90年代末S以来，日本汽车制造商的生产创新进入了第二阶段的创新。这些制造商实施了社会工作组织改革和用人制度和人事制度的改革。就丰田系统而言，新丰田系统的第二阶段更加重视创新的生产工程技术，通过在车间保持改进活动来进行生产的根本性创新。创新的生产工程技术的目标是提高生产灵活性，d…通过简化生产设备，开发低成本的生产设施，保持生产过程的高质量。新的丰田系统部署了各种努力来建立精益生产系统的第二阶段。新丰田系统的第二阶段对串流装配系统中的Fordist类型的装配工作进行了大幅修改。通过引入零件成套系统，缩短装配线长度，大大降低了建设装配线的投资成本。该套件系统在丰田被称为“成套部件系统(SPS)”。20世纪90年代，丰田在所有工厂建立了完整的流程和标准的装配顺序，为套件系统的建立奠定了基础。在进行生产创新的同时，工作组织结构也基于“完成生产”的概念进行了重组。此外，用人制度和人事制度也进行了改革，转向以业绩为导向的制度，努力保持员工之间的合作。这些用人制度和人事制度的改革还在试错中。较少

Our research project team has conducted research on innovation of production and corporate organization in automobile and electrical machinery industries of Japanese manufactures in Japan and abroad. And our research team has investigated reforms of employment system and personnel system of Japanese manufactures completing innovation of production and corporate organization.Our research makes clear innovation of production of Japanese automobile manufactures has been entering into the second stage of innovation since late 1990's. These makers have executed reforms of social organization of work and reforms of employment system and personnel system.In case of Toyota system, the second stage of new Toyota system comes to attach greater importance to innovative production engineering technologies to make radical innovation of production with keeping kaizen activities on workshops. The targets of innovative production engineering technologies are set to increasing production flexibility, d … More eveloping low-cost production facilities by simplification of production equipments, and keeping high quality in production processes. New Toyota system deploys various efforts to establish the second stage of 'lean production system'. The second stage of new Toyota system revised drastically Fordist type of assembly work within serial flow assembly system. Investment cost of building assembly line is greatly reduced by introducing kit system of parts and shortening length of assembly line. The kit system is called 'Set Parts System (SPS) ' in Toyota. 'Complete process' and standard assembly sequence established at all Toyota plants in the 1990s give the base of kit system.In parallel with innovation of production, organization of work has been restructured based on the concept of 'completed production'. And moreover employment system and personnel system has been reformed towards achievement oriented system with efforts to try to keep cooperation among employees. These reforms of employment system and personnel system are still in the process of trial and error. Less