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Basic Process of 1955 Regime 〜 Governors Election and Local Development

1955年政权的基本进程~省长选举和地方发展

基本信息

批准号：
12610326
负责人：
KUNUGI Toshihiro
金额：
$ 0.96万
依托单位：
Fukushima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This research paid attention to the winnings in social-democratic and conservative opposition party coalition at prefecture governor elections in 1950s. Practically this research analyzed political processes of Miyagi, Yamagata, Fukushima and Iwate prefectures. And in these elections we found developing aspects of local autonomy and local politics.First the gubernatorial public election system became established in local political communities through <governor = prefecture representative> or <governor = farmers representative> consciousness. The former consciousness was appeared through critical public opinion for three or four times winnings of the candidate in office, particularly in the case of conservative bureaucrat candidate. The latter consciousness was formed farmers political power reinforcing movement in 1956-1963. This farmer movement gave Social Democratic Party a chance to win governor elections. Agriculture cooperative association and labor union made a coalition in many prefecture and many agriculture governors came into existence.Second development of pressure group politics and policy issues election were confirmed. For example in these elections medical association, local public servant association, teachers labor union, and agriculture cooperative association were working vigorously. And in these elections to set the prefecture finance in order, to promote agriculture and local industries were the main issues.But in 1960s the high economic growth policy by Liberal Democratic Party cabinet succeeded in building agriculture sector into conservative politics. Therefore farmer-labor coalition was defeated in gubernatorial elections and ended at last.

本研究关注1950年代都道府县知事选举中社民党与保守在野党联盟的获胜情况。本研究在实务上分析了宫城、山形、福岛、岩手四县的政治过程。在这些选举中，我们看到了地方自治和地方政治发展的一面：首先，通过“知事=州代表”或“知事=农民代表”的意识，知事公选制度在地方政治共同体中得以确立。前一种意识主要表现在对执政党候选人三、四次当选的舆论批评中，尤其是对保守派官僚候选人的批评。后一种意识是在1956-1963年的农民政权巩固运动中形成的。这场农民运动给了社会民主党赢得州长选举的机会。农协与工会在许多都道府县结成联盟，出现了许多农业省长，压力集团政治的二次发展和政策问题选举得到了确认。例如，在这些选举中，医疗协会、地方公务员协会、教师工会、农业合作协会等都积极开展工作。在这些选举中，整顿都道府县财政、振兴农业和地方产业是主要议题。但在20世纪60年代，自民党内阁的高经济增长政策成功地将农业部门打造成保守政治。因此，农民-劳工联盟在州长选举中被击败，并最终结束。