Basic Process of 1955 Regime 〜 Governors Election and Local Development

本研究关注的是20世纪50年代社会民主党与保守反对党联合在县知事选举中的获胜情况。实际上，本研究分析了宫城县、山形县、福岛县和岩手县的政治进程。在这些选举中，我们发现了地方自治和地方政治的发展。首先，通过“知事=州代表>”或“知事=农民代表>”的意识，在地方政治共同体中确立了知事公共选举制度。前一意识是通过对执政候选人三四次获胜的批评性舆论表现出来的，特别是保守官僚候选人。后一种意识形成于1956-1963年的农民政权强化运动。这场农民运动给了社会民主党赢得州长选举的机会。农业合作协会和工会在许多州结成联盟，产生了许多农业州长。其次，压力集团政治和政策议题选举的发展得到了肯定。例如，在这些选举中，医疗协会、地方公务员协会、教师工会、农业合作社协会等都在积极开展工作。在这些选举中，整顿县财政，促进农业和地方工业是主要问题。但在20世纪60年代，自民党内阁的高增长政策成功地将农业部门建立为保守政治。因此，农工联盟在地方选举中失败，最终宣告结束。

This research paid attention to the winnings in social-democratic and conservative opposition party coalition at prefecture governor elections in 1950s. Practically this research analyzed political processes of Miyagi, Yamagata, Fukushima and Iwate prefectures. And in these elections we found developing aspects of local autonomy and local politics.First the gubernatorial public election system became established in local political communities through <governor = prefecture representative> or <governor = farmers representative> consciousness. The former consciousness was appeared through critical public opinion for three or four times winnings of the candidate in office, particularly in the case of conservative bureaucrat candidate. The latter consciousness was formed farmers political power reinforcing movement in 1956-1963. This farmer movement gave Social Democratic Party a chance to win governor elections. Agriculture cooperative association and labor union made a coalition in many prefecture and many agriculture governors came into existence.Second development of pressure group politics and policy issues election were confirmed. For example in these elections medical association, local public servant association, teachers labor union, and agriculture cooperative association were working vigorously. And in these elections to set the prefecture finance in order, to promote agriculture and local industries were the main issues.But in 1960s the high economic growth policy by Liberal Democratic Party cabinet succeeded in building agriculture sector into conservative politics. Therefore farmer-labor coalition was defeated in gubernatorial elections and ended at last.