SOCIALDEMOCRATIC MAYORS IN POSTWAR JAPAN

在本文中，和信市长是指日本社会民主党在战后历史上推荐的保守派反对派。本文对20世纪50 ~ 60年代东北地区和京坂神地区的和信市长进行了比较。他们在1960年代作为社民党的正式市长参加了由横滨市长飞鸟一雄任命的全国社会民主主义市长协会。例如仙台、秋田、酒田、大馆市。另一方面，京坂神地区的和信市长在1950年代初出现。但他们在20世纪60年代退休或退出了NSMA。以大坂市、科比市、西宫市、舞鹤市、宇治市为例，两个市长团之间的分歧主要是在野党内部矛盾和地区经济发展现实的影响。首先，社民党在东北地区的地方组织是左翼的，因此， ...更多信息 与极左翼的飞鸟是朋友另一方面，京坂神地区的社民党是右翼，由于明仁党（民主社会主义党）和日本共产党（日本共产党）的强大影响，在城市政治中的领导力非常薄弱。京坂神的和信市长得到了DSP和右翼工会的支持。其次，在60年代初期，京坂神地区与东海、濑户内地区一样，正处于新工业化（如钢铁工业和石油化学）和旧纺织工业废弃的道路上。这种工业化迫使京坂神地区的和信市长比东北地区更倾向于保守派。另一方面，从70年代开始，东北地区的新兴产业（如纸浆和铝工业）也开始出现。由于和信市长努力维持生活基础，他们因此发现市民的青睐可以生存在20世纪60年代后期。少

Kakushin mayors mean the Oppositions against for conservatives and were recommended by Japan Socialdemocratic Party (Nihon Shakaito) in postwar history in this articles. This article compares Kakushin mayors in Touhoku region with ones in Keihanshin region from 1950s to 1960s.In Touhoku region Kakushin mayors appeared comparatively late in about 1959. They took part in Zenkoku Kakushin Shicyou Kai (National Socialdemocratic Mayors Association) commaded by Asukata Ichio Yokohama Mayor as the official mayors of SDP in 1960s. For example Sendai, Akita, Sakata, and Oodate city. On the other hand Kakushin Mayors in Keihanshin region appeared early in 1950s. But they retired or withdrew from NSMA in 1960s. For example Oosaka, Kobe, Nishinomiya, Maizuru, Uji city.Causes of this differences between two mayor groups were influences by conflicts within the Opposition parties and the realities of area economic development.First SDP local organizations in Tohoku region were leftwing therefore they … More were friends with the extreme leftist Asukata. On the other hand SDP in Keihanshin region were rightwing and leadership in city politics was very weak because of strong influences of Minsyato (Democratic Socialist Party) and Kyosanto (Communist Party of Japan). Kakushin mayors in Keihanshin were supported DSP and rightwing labor unions. Accordingly they changed over from socialdemocratic government to coalition with conservative party (Ziminto) in 1960s.Secondly Keihanshin region was, as well as Tokai and Setouchi region, well on the way to new industrialization (For example steel industry and petrochemistry) and to scrap of old textile industries in early 1960s. This industrialization pressured Kakushin mayors in Keihanshin region to shift to conservative wing more than Touhoku region. On the other hand new industries (For example pulp and aluminum industry) located in Tohoku region from 1970s downward. Because Kakushin mayors exerted to maintain life bases, they consequently found favor of citizens could survuve late 1960s. Less