SOCIALDEMOCRATIC MAYORS IN POSTWAR JAPAN

卡库申市长是指反对保守派的反对党，是战后历史上由日本社会民主党(Nihon Shakaito)推荐的市长。本文对20世纪50年代至60年代东北地区的甲县市长与经济产业区的甲县市长进行了比较。他们参加了20世纪60年代由横滨市市长明方Ichio表彰为社民党正式市长的Zenkoku Kakushin Shicyou Kai(全国社会民主市长协会)。例如仙台、秋田、坂田和大田市。另一方面，喀什地区的喀什市长早在20世纪50年代就出现了。但他们在20世纪60年代退休或退出NSMA。例如大阪、神户、西宫市、水路、宇治市。造成这种差异的原因是受到在野党内部冲突和地区经济发展现实的影响。首先，东北地区的社民党地方组织是左翼的，因此他们…更多的人是极左翼明方的朋友。另一方面，由于受到民进党和共同党的强烈影响，日本经济产业省的社民党右翼势力严重不足，在城市政治中的领导地位十分薄弱。凯罕申的卡库什市市长得到了DSP和右翼工会的支持。相应地，他们在20世纪60年代从社会主义民主政府转向与保守党(津藤党)的联盟。其次，在20世纪60年代初，东北新区和东海、泽藤池地区走上了新型工业化(如钢铁工业和石化)和废弃旧纺织工业的道路。这种工业化迫使盖韩新地区的市长们更多地转向保守派，而不是东北地区。另一方面，从20世纪70年代起，东北地区出现了新的产业(如纸浆和铝业)。由于卡库申市长努力维持生活基础，因此他们发现市民的好感可以维持到20世纪60年代末。较少

Kakushin mayors mean the Oppositions against for conservatives and were recommended by Japan Socialdemocratic Party (Nihon Shakaito) in postwar history in this articles. This article compares Kakushin mayors in Touhoku region with ones in Keihanshin region from 1950s to 1960s.In Touhoku region Kakushin mayors appeared comparatively late in about 1959. They took part in Zenkoku Kakushin Shicyou Kai (National Socialdemocratic Mayors Association) commaded by Asukata Ichio Yokohama Mayor as the official mayors of SDP in 1960s. For example Sendai, Akita, Sakata, and Oodate city. On the other hand Kakushin Mayors in Keihanshin region appeared early in 1950s. But they retired or withdrew from NSMA in 1960s. For example Oosaka, Kobe, Nishinomiya, Maizuru, Uji city.Causes of this differences between two mayor groups were influences by conflicts within the Opposition parties and the realities of area economic development.First SDP local organizations in Tohoku region were leftwing therefore they … More were friends with the extreme leftist Asukata. On the other hand SDP in Keihanshin region were rightwing and leadership in city politics was very weak because of strong influences of Minsyato (Democratic Socialist Party) and Kyosanto (Communist Party of Japan). Kakushin mayors in Keihanshin were supported DSP and rightwing labor unions. Accordingly they changed over from socialdemocratic government to coalition with conservative party (Ziminto) in 1960s.Secondly Keihanshin region was, as well as Tokai and Setouchi region, well on the way to new industrialization (For example steel industry and petrochemistry) and to scrap of old textile industries in early 1960s. This industrialization pressured Kakushin mayors in Keihanshin region to shift to conservative wing more than Touhoku region. On the other hand new industries (For example pulp and aluminum industry) located in Tohoku region from 1970s downward. Because Kakushin mayors exerted to maintain life bases, they consequently found favor of citizens could survuve late 1960s. Less