The National Integration and the Political Relations Between Central and Local Governments in Modern China

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The aim of this research project is to analize the political relations between central and local governments in the Republic of China.The main points of this reserch are as follows ;Soon after the Republic was founded, Yuan Shih-K'ai's central government tried to reform the local administration system by cooperating with provincial governments. But, this atempt, which was necessary to integrate the nation, could not proceed as Yuan Shih-K'ai expected. Finally Yuan had to build up the power of provincial governments in order to maintain "loyalty" to him of the provincial military and civil governors.Moreover, his government carried out the reforms of local government finance offices and recruitment process of district magistrates in order to weaken autonomous basis of power in provincial governments. On the contrary, the aim of this reform of local government finance offices rather helped to strengthen the financial power of provincial governments after "the Second Revolution" in 1913. The reform of recruitment process of district magistrates, which was enforced after "the Second Revolution", also became less functional gradually, and could not control personnel administration of provincial governments.After the collapse of Yuan shih k'ai's government, many intellectuals groped for the measures to reorganize the political relations between central and local governments. Shi Cun-Tong was one of them. In Peijing, Shanghai and Tokyo, he groped for the measures to change the political circumstances of China in that period, and came to approach Marxism. Especially, the experience during his stay in Tokyo as a student had a strong influence on his thought.