The National Integration and the Political Relations Between Central and Local Governments in Modern China

近代中国的民族一体化与中央与地方的政治关系

• 批准号: 12610374
• 负责人: KANEKO Hajime
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: SlMONOSEKI - City University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12610374/
• 关键词: The Republic of China; Yuan Shih-K'ai's Government; National Integration; Jiangsu Province; Central Government; Local Government; 上海; 厘金

The aim of this research project is to analize the political relations between central and local governments in the Republic of China.The main points of this reserch are as follows ;Soon after the Republic was founded, Yuan Shih-K'ai's central government tried to reform the local administration system by cooperating with provincial governments. But, this atempt, which was necessary to integrate the nation, could not proceed as Yuan Shih-K'ai expected. Finally Yuan had to build up the power of provincial governments in order to maintain "loyalty" to him of the provincial military and civil governors.Moreover, his government carried out the reforms of local government finance offices and recruitment process of district magistrates in order to weaken autonomous basis of power in provincial governments. On the contrary, the aim of this reform of local government finance offices rather helped to strengthen the financial power of provincial governments after "the Second Revolution" in 1913. The reform of recruitment process of district magistrates, which was enforced after "the Second Revolution", also became less functional gradually, and could not control personnel administration of provincial governments.After the collapse of Yuan shih k'ai's government, many intellectuals groped for the measures to reorganize the political relations between central and local governments. Shi Cun-Tong was one of them. In Peijing, Shanghai and Tokyo, he groped for the measures to change the political circumstances of China in that period, and came to approach Marxism. Especially, the experience during his stay in Tokyo as a student had a strong influence on his thought.

本课题的目的是分析民国时期中央与地方政府的政治关系。本研究的要点如下：民国成立后不久，袁世凯的中央政府试图通过与省级政府合作来改革地方行政体制。但是，这种整合国家所必需的尝试却未能如袁世凯所期望的那样进行。最后，袁必须加强省级政府的权力，以维持各省军事和文官对他的“忠诚”。此外，他的政府还对地方政府财政部门和地方官员的招聘程序进行了改革，以削弱省级政府的自治权力基础。相反，这次地方财政机构改革的目的，倒是有利于加强1913年“二次革命”后省级政府的财政权力。“二次革命”后实行的地方知县选任制度改革，也逐渐功能减弱，无法左右省级政府的人事管理。 重新调整中央和地方政府之间的政治关系。石存统就是其中之一。他在北京、上海、东京摸索了改变当时中国政治状况的对策，走近了马克思主义。尤其是在东京求学期间的经历对他的思想产生了强烈的影响。

项目成果

水羽信男: "近代中国のリベラリズム-近年の歴史学研究の成果に学んで-"アジア社会文化研究. 2. 55-74 (2001)

水叶伸夫：“现代中国的自由主义——从最近的历史研究成果中学习——”亚洲社会文化研究2. 55-74 (2001)。

金子肇: "清末民初における江蘇省の認捐制度"東洋史研究. 59-2. 68-97 (2000)

金子昭：《清初江苏行省的承认制度》，东方史研究59-2（2000）。

ASANO Toshihisa, OHO Yukimasa, KAIHOTSU Ichiro, KOJIMA Hajime, TOMIOKA Shoichi, MIZUHA Nobuo (eds.): "Study on the Intercultural Issue"BAIFUKAN. 295 (2000)

浅野俊久、大穗幸政、海峰一郎、小岛肇、富冈庄一、水叶伸夫（编）：“跨文化问题研究”BAIFUKAN。

水羽信男: "中国のリベラリズム-近年の歴史学研究の成果に学んで"アジア社会文化研究. 2. 55-74 (2001)

水叶伸夫：“中国的自由主义——从最近的历史研究成果中学习”《亚洲社会文化研究》2. 55-74 (2001)。

KANEKO Hajime: "The Reform of Recruitment Process of the District Magistrates *** during the Admmistration of Yuan Shih-Kai *** and Its Aftermath"in CHIKAKI NI ARITE (Being Nearby : Discussions on Moden China. No.39. 182-198 (2001)

金子始：《袁世凯执政期间地方官招募程序的改革***及其后果》，载于《近代中国讨论》第39期，第182期-