On the representations of Dystopia in Modern English Literature and Its Critical Functions

论反乌托邦在现代英国文学中的表现及其批判功能

• 批准号: 12610504
• 负责人: KAWABATA Yasuo
• 金额: $ 0.96万
• 依托单位: Jumonji University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12610504/
• 关键词: utopia; dystopia; socialism; William Morris; George Orwell; Robert Cormier; Edmund Wilson; Jiro Ono; 反ユートピア; オーウェル; 全体主義; コーミア; ヤング・アダルト小説; 児童文学

Since the appearance of Plato's Republic, not a few thinkers and writers have presented us various images of utopia as the ideal society which does not exist in reality. Searching for the genealogy of utopia, we find there emerged in the twentieth century a number of novels which depicted dystopia or anti-Utopia : We by Zamyatin, Brave New World by Aldous Huxley in Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, to mention but a few. They have a similar characteristic in that a community, organized first from the motif of realizing the ideal society, is now managed by the despotic power, its inhabitants entirely deprived of free will. It should be said that it was a literary expression which reacted against the ideology of Totalitarianism whose typical instances we could see in the regimes of Stalin or Hitler. These days, we have some misgivings that the unbelievably rapid progress of technology might have at last reached the point where we could no longer control the complicated, too sophisticated global system, so that we feel the literary expression of dystopia all the more actual.In this research, I especially paid attention to some versions of dystopia, which has been treated as a variant of utopia in the history of utopian thought, and investigated its characteristics from a number of points of view, with the help of recent studies of feminism, postcolonialism, and cultural studies. Moreover, finding that most novels of dystopia showing concern on the problem of language, I tried to construct a kind of "dystopian linguistics" with the base of the theory of Michael Bahtin. Furthermore, showing that it is now handled by postmodern writers, as well as by Young Adult novelists, such as Robert Cormier, I have confirmed that the theme of dystopia has more actual, critical significance and relevance for us than ever.

自柏拉图的《理想国》问世以来，不少思想家和文学家为我们描绘了各种乌托邦的形象，把它作为现实中并不存在的理想社会。寻找乌托邦的谱系，我们发现在20世纪出现了许多描绘反乌托邦或反乌托邦的小说：扎米亚京的《我们》，奥尔德斯·赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》，乔治·奥威尔的《一九八四》，等等。它们有一个相似的特征，即一个最初以实现理想社会为主题而组织起来的共同体，现在由专制政权管理，其居民完全被剥夺了自由意志。应该说，这是一种文学表达，反对极权主义的意识形态，我们可以在斯大林或希特勒的政权中看到极权主义的典型例子。如今，我们有一些疑虑，认为科技的飞速发展可能最终达到了我们无法再控制复杂、过于精密的全球体系的地步，从而使我们更加真切地感受到反乌托邦的文学表达。在本研究中，我特别关注了反乌托邦的一些版本，它在乌托邦思想史上一直被视为乌托邦的变体，并借助女性主义、后殖民主义和文化研究等领域的最新研究成果，从多个角度探讨了其特点。此外，笔者发现大多数反乌托邦小说都关注语言问题，并试图以巴赫金的理论为基础，构建一种“反乌托邦语言学”。此外，通过展示后现代主义作家以及罗伯特·科斯特洛等青少年小说家现在对反乌托邦的处理，我证实了反乌托邦的主题对我们来说比以往任何时候都具有更实际的、批判性的意义和相关性。

项目成果

川端 康雄: "ラスキンのフィレンツェ案内"ラスキン文庫たより. 40. 5-7 (2001)

川端康夫：“拉斯金的佛罗伦萨指南”拉斯金文库新闻 40. 5-7 (2001)。

Kawabata, Yasuo. et. al.: "Daughters of Muse"Michitani. 352 (2000)

川端康夫。

川端 康雄: "ディストピアの言語学"週刊朝日百科(ユートピアと反ユートピア). 72. 36-39 (2000)

川端康夫：《反乌托邦的语言学》《朝日周刊》（乌托邦与反乌托邦）72. 36-39 (2000)。

川端 康雄: "ラスキン・バーン=ジョーンズ・イタリア"ラスキン文庫たより. 42. 5-9 (2002)

川端康夫：“拉斯金伯恩-琼斯意大利”拉斯金文库新闻。42. 5-9 (2002)

Kawabata, Yasuo: "Ruskin, Burn-Jones and Italy"Ruskin Bunko Tayori. vol. 42. 5-9 (2002)

川端康夫：“拉斯金、伯恩-琼斯和意大利”拉斯金文库泰赖。