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Conflict between religion and science expressed in the modern French literature - around the "Spiritisme"

法国现代文学中宗教与科学的冲突——围绕“通灵论”

基本信息

批准号：
12610524
负责人：
INAGAKI Naoki
金额：
$ 1.02万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

For the past three years, my research has brought me to recognize primarily the following new facts and viewpoints:1. I discovered one characteristic of Hugo's "spiritisme" is the creation of a special text at his deepest subconscious level. I discovered this when I analyzed the manuscripts of the so-called Les Process verbaux des tables tournantes de Jersey in Paris. In addition to the notebook already discovered I found in the National Library of France yet another previously unmentioned notebook.2. All of Hugo's literary works comes close to all conditions for defining them as "Gnostic," and in many respects, they reveal a "Gnostic" type of thinking. The "Gnostic religion" constitutes therefore one of the most important elements of his "syncretism." His poem, "Ce que dit la bouche d'ombre" (included in his 1856 Contemplations) illustrates most clearly the "Gnostic" hue in all his writings.3. Allan Kardec's "spiritisme," influenced by Pestalozzi's educational idealism, stressed the moral growth of the individual which, he believed was attainable by the coming and goings of the spirit between the land of the living and the great beyond. The "spiritisme," a "scientific" religion, appeared as a major buttress to the spirituality of the era. In the modern period, the French government founded society upon secularization and scientific rationalism, with the exception of the Catholic Church's social control.4. We can distinguish two methods in Flammarion's research on "spiritisme." The first was to conduct rigid and hard-fast experiments on famous mediums of the day and to analyze their results, The second was to collect information through the journalistic accounts on thousands of "spiritistic" phenomena for classification and analysis.

在过去的三年里，我的研究使我主要认识到以下新事实和观点：1。我发现雨果的“无意识”的一个特点是在他最深的潜意识层面上创造了一个特殊的文本。我在分析巴黎的《泽西岛巡回赛桌的文字处理》手稿时发现了这一点。除了已经发现的笔记本外，我在法国国家图书馆还发现了另一本以前没有提到的笔记本。雨果的所有文学作品都接近于将它们定义为“诺斯替”的所有条件，并且在许多方面，它们揭示了一种“诺斯替”式的思维。因此，“诺斯替教”构成了他的“融合论”中最重要的元素之一。他的诗《Ce que dit la bouche d'ombre》（收录在他1856年的《沉思录》中）最清楚地说明了他所有作品中的“诺斯替”色彩。艾伦·卡尔代克的“无意识主义”受到了佩斯塔洛齐教育理想主义的影响，强调个人的道德成长，他认为这是可以通过精神在生活的土地和伟大的超越之间的来去来实现的。“科学主义”，一种“科学”的宗教，似乎是那个时代精神的主要支柱。在近代，法国政府把社会建立在世俗化和科学理性主义的基础上，除了天主教会的社会控制。弗拉马里恩对“非理性主义”的研究有两种方法。第一是对当时著名的媒介进行严格的实验并分析其结果，第二是通过新闻报道收集信息，对成千上万的“反传统”现象进行分类和分析。