A RESEARCH ON THE KEIHAN TYPE ACCENT AND DEVOICING IN THE DIALECTS OF SHIKOKU AREA

在四国方言中有各种各样的口音系统。香川方言的口音系统尤其引人注目，因为它反映了平安时期京都方言的口音系统，但它是从室町末期之前的口音系统中衍生出来的。据说，四国方言中元音去声的现象很少，而香川方言中却有这种现象。2000年进行了一项关于这一现象的调查，即在浊辅音之前先元音去声。据证实，关于矢山方言的报道很多，但关于日本本土方言的报道却很少。2001年在香川县进行了田野调查，对该县东部地区的大池方言和西部地区的丸木方言进行了调查。这项研究的告密者是老年人，因为研究的目的是观察最古老的口音系统。数据显示，下降音的出现取决于…的高度更多的元音。尽管数据的质量非常高，但由于经验丰富的合作者和许多告密者，很明显，口音因地区和个人而异。因此，需要更多的研究来完善整个口音系统。研究还发现，摩擦音的发音点比京剧方言的发音点更早，发音持续时间更长。元音去声不是一种很稳定、很规律的现象。高知方言属于四国方言，反映了平安和室町时期的口音系统，没有观察到元音的发音。利用Rokubunken软件对香川方言的语音数据进行分析，证实了以下几点。1.香川方言的元音有去声现象。2.存在Ki j→qkj、Cv(High)j→qcj等音位变化。3.在Sakla(樱桃)、tor(鸟)、ar(存在)等词中，元音高会减弱或下降。这项研究的部分结果于2002年在威尼斯大学举行的全意大利日语教授会议上发表。较少

There are various types of accent system in the dialects of Shikoku. The accent system of Kagawa dialect is especially noticeable because it reflects the the accent system of Kyoto dialect in Heian period, but it derived from that of before the end of Muromachi period.It is said that there is few devoicing of vowels in the dialects of Shikoku area, but there is this phenomenon in Kagawa dialect. A survey concerning this phenomenon, which is vowel devoicing before the voiced consonants, was carried out in 2000. It was confirmed that there are many report in Yaeyama dialects but there are few about the dialects of main-land Japan. A filed research was carried out in 2001 in Kagawa prefecture, on Ohchi dialect in the eastern area of the prefecture and Marugame dialect in the western area. The informants of the research were elderly people because the aim of the research was to observe the oldest accent system as possible. The data shows that the falling tone appears depending of the heigh … More t of the vowel. Although the quality of the data was very high, thanks to the experienced cooperator and many informants, it became clear that the accent varies depending on the area and the individual. So more research is necessary to complete the entire accent system. It also was observed that the points of articulation of fricatives are more advanced than those of Kinki dialects, and that the durations are longer. Devoicing of vowels is not very stable and regular phenomenon. Kochi dialect, which belongs to Shikoku dialects, reflects the accent system of Heian and Muromachi period, and devoicing of vowels is not observed in it.The sound data of Kagawa dialect was analyzed using the soft-ware Rokubunken and the following points were confirmed. 1. There is devoicing of vowels in Kagawa dialect. 2. Phonemic changes such as ki+j →Qkj, cV (high) +j→Qcj exist. 3. High vowels weaken or drop in words like sakla (cherry), tor (bird), ar (exist).4. Duration of fricatives are longer than those of Kinki dialects.In 2002, a part of the result of this study was reported in the All Italian Conference of Professors of Japanese, held in Venice University. Less