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Comparative Culture and Historical Study on Anti-legal Social Order in Russia

俄罗斯反法制社会秩序的比较文化与历史研究

基本信息

批准号：
12620003
负责人：
OH'E Taiichiro
金额：
$ 0.7万
依托单位：
Shizuoka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12620003/
关键词：
legal culture anti-legal social order non-droit Russia 慣習法非法

项目摘要

1. Discovering "anti-legal" social order in RussiaIn the West, where "Positivierung des Rechts" (N. Luhmann) had been acomplished until the end of the nineteenth century, jurists-comparatists, for example R. David, have developed a tendency to regard social sphere, which is not regulated by positive law, as sphere of customary "law". However there was neither positive law nor customary law, but "pre-legal" or "anti-legal" order, i.e. social order formed by a kind of relative situation ethics, in pesant communities of the nineteenth century Russia. This "anti-legal" order became cinstitute a basic component of socio-political, or so-called "legal" order of the soviet socalism.The problem of non-legal order first was mentioned by J. Carbonnier and Ichiro Kitamura with the term "non-droit".2. Overcoming the M. Weber's sociology of lawM. Weber in his "Sociology of Law" dealed "anti-legal" social order in russian pesant communities as "status law" (Sonderrecht). Weber's sociology of law nowadays may be criticized from the viewpoint of methodology of law as a kind of "reversed orientalism".3. Discovery of "anti-legal" Russia by J.-J. RoussseauRousseau in his "Socal Contract" wrote : "Russia shall never be civilized" (Book II ch.8).His argument may be newly interpreted from the viewpoint of avove-mentioned "anti-legal" social order in Russia.

1.俄罗斯“反法律”社会秩序的发现在西方，“法律实证”（N。Luhmann）直到19世纪末才完成，法学家--比较法学家，如R.大卫等人的研究，形成了一种将不受实在法规范的社会领域视为习惯法领域的倾向。然而，在世纪俄国的现存社会中，既没有实在法，也没有习惯法，只有“前法律”或“反法律”秩序，即一种相对情境伦理所形成的社会秩序。这种“反法律的”秩序成为苏维埃社会主义社会政治秩序或所谓“法律的”秩序的一个基本组成部分。”非法律的秩序“问题首先由卡尔博尼耶和北村一郎用“非权利”一词提出。克服M。韦伯的法律社会学。韦伯在其《法社会学》中把俄国农民共同体中的“反法律”社会秩序称为“身份法”（Sonderrecht）。韦伯的法社会学在今天可以从法方法论的角度被批判为一种“颠倒的东方主义”。发现“反法律”的俄罗斯由J. -卢梭在《社会契约论》中写道：“俄国永远不会文明化”（第二卷第八章），从前面提到的俄国“反法律”的社会秩序的角度，可以对卢梭的这一论断进行新的解读。