International Legal Status of Korean Provisional Government and the Identity of Korea as State

韩国临时政府的国际法律地位和韩国的国家身份

• 批准号: 12620037
• 负责人: PAE KEUN Park
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12620037/
• 关键词: the provisional government of Republic of Korea; Korea; the Empire of Korea; government; identity of state; resurrected states; state succession; 国家継承; 国家の統一性; 臨時政府; 亡命政府

With regard to the problem of the legal relationship between the Empire of Korea and the Republic of Korea, the latter's government has shown the opinion that these two political entities are the same State and between them there exist the legal continuity and identity. According to the material named 'Confirmation of the Validity of the Multilateral Treaties contracted by the Empire of Korea' and issued by Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1986, Republic of Korea is regarded legally identical with the Empire of Korea in terms of international law subject. The change from the Empire to the Republic is only explained as the change of the national constitution, the form of government and the name of the State. The constitutional law of the year 1948, the first Korean constitutional law after World War II, also provides that the Republic of Korea was established in 1919, the year when the Korean provisional government was established at China, Shanghai.This view of Korean government s … More eems to be on the premise that in Korea there have existed a effective government since 1919. In this case, it goes without saying the 'government' means the above said 'provisional government' However, when the process of its establishment, the reality of its rule, recognition by the international society and the actual condition of its diplomatic relations with other States are taken into consideration, it seems to be hard to say that the provisional government had been an effective government which is an element of State. The corollary of this would be as follows : the Empire of Korea was extinguished as State ; the territory of the old Korean Empire became the territory of Japan ; likewise, Korean nationals became the Japanese nationals ; the Republic of Korea is a newly established State which became independent from Japan. In spite of these logical consequences, Korean government has been keeping its opinion regarding the problem of the legal relationship between the Empire of Korea and the Republic of Korea consistently. In some cases concerning the succession of multilateral treaties, international society also responded to the Korean government's attitude with the recognition of the legal identity between Korean Empire and the Republic of Korea.As we can see from the recent cases of the independence of Baltic States, even the states which had been thought to be annexed to other State for more than 50 years are sometimes treated as 'resurrected states' by international community. If the recognition of the identity between the Empire of Korea and the Republic of Korea does not injure the legal stability of international society so much, and could be considered as the way of recovering the national honor of Korean people and correcting the unjust result brought by the alien colonial rule, it may be considered that to Korea also the status of 'resurrected' State should be given. Less

关于大韩帝国和大韩民国之间的法律的关系问题，大韩民国政府的意见是，这两个政治实体是同一个国家，它们之间存在着法律的连续性和同一性。根据1986年韩国外交部发布的《大韩帝国缔结的多边条约的效力确认书》，大韩民国在国际法主体方面被视为与大韩帝国在法律上相同。从帝国到共和国的转变，只能解释为国家宪法、政府形式和国家名称的改变。韩国战后第一部宪法《1948年宪法》也规定，大韩民国成立于1919年，即韩国临时政府在中国上海成立的那一年。 ...更多信息 似乎是基于这样一个前提，即韩国自1919年以来一直存在一个有效的政府。这里的“政府”当然是指上述的“临时政府”，但从其成立的过程、统治的现实、国际社会的承认以及与其他国家的外交关系的实际情况来看，似乎很难说临时政府是作为国家要素的有效政府。其必然结果是：朝鲜帝国作为国家的地位不复存在;旧朝鲜帝国的领土成为日本的领土;同样，朝鲜国民成为日本国民;大韩民国是一个从日本独立出来的新国家。尽管存在这些逻辑上的后果，但韩国政府对大韩帝国与大韩民国之间的法律的关系问题一直持一贯的看法。在某些涉及多边条约继承的案件中，国际社会也以承认大韩帝国与大韩民国之间的法律的身份来回应韩国政府的态度，从最近波罗的海国家独立的案件中可以看出，即使是那些被认为已经被其他国家吞并了50多年的国家，有时也被国际社会视为“复活的国家”。如果承认大韩帝国与大韩民国的同一性不会严重损害国际社会的法律的稳定性，并且可以被视为恢复朝鲜人民的民族荣誉和纠正外国殖民统治所带来的不公正结果的方式，那么可以考虑给予朝鲜“复活”国家的地位。少