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THE POST-COLD WAR U.S. BUDGETARY POLICY, THE REDEFINITION OF NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY, AND ITS IMPACT ON JAPAN'S POLICY MAKING

冷战后美国预算政策、国家安全战略的重新定义及其对日本政策制定的影响

基本信息

批准号：
12630057
负责人：
MUROYAMA Yoshimasa
金额：
$ 2.43万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

With the end of Cold War, there was a great change in the U.S. national policies. Reduction of enormous "twin deficits," especially the budget deficit, was given the highest priority in U.S. economic recovery policies. It had been recognized that the massive budget deficits were taking up private savings and reducing private investment, productivity and living standards. Therefore, reduction of budget deficits was perceived as an ace to boost savings, stimulate increased competition hence economic growth, and solve domestic issues. It indicated that combined with the expansion of budgetary deficit factors such as increased medical costs and retiring of baby-boomer generation, there was a growing pressure for economizing resources for national defense and foreign policies.Also the enormous "twin deficits" in the U.S. was financed by the inflow of saving from Japan and other countries. There was increasing recognition that it was important for economic recovery to reinforce external comp … More etitiveness and expand exports.Then, it became necessary to come up with a special measure regarding security policies. As a response to such situation, the United States announced a strategy of "engagement and enlargement" with emphasis on its ability to shape environments, and national defense sector had to redefine itself and adapt as essential means to enhance national objectives, in particular, economic interests, which was formalized in the "National Security Strategy." Having the redefinition of alliance as a powerful leverage, the country shifted to a strategy of exercising influence over policy making in the allied nations. Then, "redefinition of the System" and "New Guideline" is the direct reflection of these processes into the policy-making in Japan.Therefore, the national defense policy - in which U.S. would form security environments based on U.S. global leadership - and policies of pursuing economic interests in which U.S. would impose and proliferate its rules and standards as the global ones, force foreign markets to open, establish an international environments where U.S. enterprises could operate most efficiently with innovation of information technology, and enhance U.S. economic prosperity in the global market - are indivisibly related.It is only a partial and superficial aspect of the problem if we should analyze those issues of "redefinition of the System" and "New Guideline" merely from "military perspective" - that is, to regard them as means to respond to those destabilizing factors in the East Asia such as "Korean Peninsula Crisis" and future Chinese threats. It is necessary to clarify that they have been produced as a direct logical consequence of the U.S. post-Cold War policy of balanced budget and economic recovery. Less

冷战结束后，美国的国家政策发生了重大变化。削减巨额“双赤字”，特别是预算赤字，成为美国经济复苏政策的重中之重。人们认识到，巨额预算赤字占用了私人储蓄，降低了私人投资、生产力和生活水平。因此，削减预算赤字被视为增加储蓄、刺激竞争从而促进经济增长和解决国内问题的一张王牌。报告指出，加上医疗费用增加、婴儿潮一代退休等预算赤字因素扩大，国防和外交政策节约资源的压力越来越大，而美国巨额“双赤字”是由日本等国储蓄流入来融资的。人们日益认识到，加强外部竞争对经济复苏至关重要， ...更多信息积极性，扩大出口，那么就需要在安全政策上拿出一个特别的措施。作为对这种情况的回应，美国宣布了“接触和扩大”战略，强调其塑造环境的能力，国防部门不得不重新定义和适应，作为加强国家目标，特别是经济利益的重要手段，这是正式的“国家安全战略”。“由于重新定义了联盟作为一个强大的杠杆，该国转向了对盟国政策制定施加影响的战略。因此，在日本的政策制定中，形成以美国的全球领导地位为基础的安全环境的国防政策，以及将美国的规则和标准作为全球性的规则和标准加以实施和扩散，迫使外国市场开放，建立美国企业以信息技术创新最有效运作的国际环境，促进美国在全球市场的经济繁荣--是密不可分的，如果仅仅从“军事角度”来分析“重新定义体制”和“新指针”的问题--也就是说，将其视为应对“朝鲜半岛危机”和未来中国威胁等东亚不稳定因素的手段。有必要澄清的是，它们的产生是冷战后美国平衡预算和经济复苏政策的直接逻辑结果。少