A Study for the Development of Rapid ad Simple On-site Analysis for Environmental Water Samples by Using Solid Phase Extraction

离子对萃取是固相萃取的基本原理之一。我们证明了疏溶剂理论可以有效地解释阳离子、阴离子和有机溶剂各自贡献的离子对萃取常数对数的线性加性表示。本文介绍了几种基于膜过滤固相萃取的简单、快速的分析方法。1. 从河流沉积物中提取和分离阳离子表面活性剂，应用膜过滤器分光光度法测定水环境中阳离子表面活性剂，不受阴离子表面活性剂的干扰和沉积物表面吸附等。阴离子表面活性剂分子中几乎都含有硫原子。通过x射线荧光法测定与阳离子表面活性剂结合的硫离子在膜过滤器上的浓度，可以确定阴离子表面活性剂的总量。3. 将空气中的甲醛吸附在水溶液中，与4-氨基-3-肼-5-巯基- 1,2,4 -三唑反应生成紫色阴离子染料，并与有机疏水阳离子离子结合，在膜过滤器上收集。用三刺激比色仪测定滤膜上的显色强度。分光光度法是一种非常实用和流行的分析方法。近年来，用于汽车蓄电池的DC/AC转换器方便了在室外使用流行的分光光度计。某种电池驱动的便携式分光光度计也是有用的。然而，它需要为测量制定解决方案。在三刺激比色法的情况下，校准曲线不是线性的，弯曲的；该方法简便快速，灵敏度高，不浪费有机溶剂。所使用的三色比色仪体积小、重量轻、便携、电池驱动，可在现场采样场所使用。该三色比色仪将成为现场分析的有力工具。

Ion-pair extraction is one of the basic principles of solid-phase extraction. We showed that the solvophobic theory is effective to interpret the linear additive representation of the logarithm of ion-pair extraction constant with individual contribution of cation, anion and organic solvent.Some of simple and rapid analytical methods based on solid-phase extraction on membrane filter were developed as below. 1. Extraction and separation of cationic surfactant from river sediments as an application to a spectrophotometric determination of cationic surfactant in an aqueous environment using membrane filters without the interference of anionic surfactant and adsorption on the surface of sediments et al. 2. Nearly almost anionic surfactant contains sulfur atom in the molecule. It is possible to determine the total anionic surfactants by X-ray fluorescence measurement of sulfur concentration on a membrane filter after collection as an ion associate with cationic surfactant. 3. Formaldehyde in the air was absorbed in aqueous solution and reacted with 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-l,2,4-triazole to form purple anionic dye and collected on a membrane filter as ion associate with organic hydrophobic cation. The intensity of color on the membrane filter was measured by tristimulus colorimeter.Spectrophotometry is very useful and popular analytical method. Recently DC/AC converter for car battery is convenient to use popular spectrophotometer on outside. Some kind of battery drive portable spectrophotometer is also useful. However, it needs to make solution for measurement.In the case of tristimulus colorimetry, the calibration curve is not linear, bend; this method is simple and rapid, highly sensitive, no waste of organic solvent. As the used tristimurus colorimeter is small, light, portable and battery driven, it is possible to use it on-site of sampling place. This tristimurus colorimeter will be powerful tool for the on-site analysis.