Biodiversity and evolution of terrestrial flora in Antarctica.

南极洲陆地植物区系的生物多样性和演化。

• 批准号: 12640691
• 负责人: IMURA Satoshi
• 金额: $ 1.92万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Polar Research
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12640691/
• 关键词: lakes; mosses; Antarctica; molecular systematics; DNA; sediments; geohistory; diversity; コケ植物; DNA; 無性芽; 繁殖生態; 耐乾性; 湖沼群; コケ; 底生植物; 密度; 仮根; 生理生態; 光合成能

Growth environment, geohistory, morphological diversity, and molecular systematics were investigated on mosses in Syowa station area, Antarctica, especially on aquatic mosses at the bottom of lakes.Water temperature at the lake bottom was +7℃ in austral summer, and +7℃ even in winter. Because of little snow accumulation in this region, the sun light easily permeate through surface ice cover to plants growing at the lake bottom, strongly enough for photosynthesis between October to April. Salinity of lake water was variable among lakes, and nutrients are quite low. Flora in Antarctic lakes was characterized by little amount of plankton and rich benthic vegetation a the bottom. Most part of the lake bottom was covered with population of filamentous cyanobacteria and some green algae and diatoms. Sediments of these plants and sands were analyzed to clarify the age of lakes and history of lake environments.Molecular systematic study was carried out on two aquatic mosses, Bryum sp. and Leptobryum sp. Aquatic Bryum was thought to originated from terrestrial B.pseudotriquetrum, but terrestrial B.pseudotriquetrum itself must be changed its name to B.pallescens distributing in Antarctic peninsula and out of Antarctica. Genetic diversity of aquatic Leptobryum was included in wide diversity range of L.pyriforme known as weedy species in all around the world.

对南极雪娃站地区苔藓植物的生长环境、地史、形态多样性和分子系统学进行了研究，特别是对湖底水生苔藓植物进行了研究。由于该地区积雪很少，阳光很容易透过表面冰层渗透到湖底生长的植物，足以在10月至4月进行光合作用。湖水的盐度在湖泊之间是可变的，并且营养物相当低。南极湖泊的植物群具有浮游生物数量少、底栖植被丰富的特点。湖底大部分覆盖着丝状蓝藻和一些绿色藻类和硅藻。对两种水生藓类植物真藓（Bryum sp.）和细藓（Leptobryum sp.）进行了分子系统学研究，认为水生真藓属（Bryum sp.）起源于陆生的伪三角藻（B.pseudotriquetrum），而陆生的伪三角藻（B.pseudotriquetrum）本身应改为分布于南极半岛和南极以外地区的白藓（B.pallescens）。摘要梨形纤苔属植物是世界上广泛分布的杂草种，其遗传多样性包括水生纤苔属植物的遗传多样性。

项目成果

Imura, S., Bando, T., Seto, K., Ohtani, S., Kudoh, S., Kanda, H.: "Distribution of aquatic mosses in the Soya Coast region, East Antarctica."Polar Bioscience. 16. 1-10 (2003)

Imura, S.、Bando, T.、Seto, K.、Ohtani, S.、Kudoh, S.、Kanda, H.：“南极洲东部大豆海岸地区水生苔藓的分布。”极地生物科学。

Kudoh, S., Watanabe, K., Imura, S.: "Ecological studies on aquatic moss pillars in Antarctic lakes. 2. Temperature and light environment at the moss habitat."Polar Bioscience. 16. 23-32 (2003)

Kudoh, S.、Watanabe, K.、Imura, S.：“南极湖泊水生苔藓柱的生态研究。2. 苔藓栖息地的温度和光环境。”极地生物科学。

Imura, S., Bando, T., Saito, S., Seto, K., Kudoh, S., Kanda, H.: "Distribution of aquatic mosses in Soya Coast region, East Antarctica"Polar Bioscience. 16(In Printing). (2003)

Imura, S.、Bando, T.、Saito, S.、Seto, K.、Kudoh, S.、Kanda, H.：“东南极洲大豆海岸地区水生苔藓的分布”极地生物科学。

Kudoh, S., Tsuchiya, Y., Ayukawa, E., Imura, S., Kanda, H.: "Ecological studies of aquatic moss pillars in Antarctic lakes.1.Macro structure and carbon, nitrogen and chlorophyll a contents."Polar Bioscience. 16. 11-22 (2003)

Kudoh, S.、Tsuchiya, Y.、Ayukawa, E.、Imura, S.、Kanda, H.：“南极湖泊水生苔藓柱的生态研究。1.宏观结构与碳、氮和叶绿素 a 含量。”

Kanda, H., Ohtani, S., Imura, S.: "Beyer, L., Bolter, M.(eds.)Ecological studies 154:Geoecology of Antarctic Ice-Free Coastal Landscapes, pp.249-264.Plant communities at Dronning Maud Land."Springer-Verlag, Heiderberg.. 427 (2002)

Kanda, H.、Ohtani, S.、Imura, S.：“Beyer, L.、Bolter, M.（编）生态研究 154：南极无冰沿海景观的地质生态学，第 249-264 页。植物群落