Competition and coexistence among female primates

根据岩山猴园(京都)日本猕猴补给部队的长期数据，八岛(鹿儿岛)的野生种群，Mahale MTS的黑猩猩野生种群。本文以坦桑尼亚国家公园和马达加斯加贝伦蒂保护区的野生环尾猕猴为研究对象，对雌性灵长类动物的竞争和共存进行了研究，主要研究内容如下：(1)以日本花山猕猴为研究对象，调查了它们母系近亲交配的长期趋势。这一结果与不同程度的亲属关系在配偶选择方面受到个体区别的假设是一致的。(2)在屋久岛，分析了野生日本猕猴种群间的相遇情况，研究了通过点普查估算种群密度的新方法。(3)对贝伦蒂环尾狐猴雌性种群的繁殖参数和种群动态变化进行了分析。环尾狐猴基本上是雌性狐猴，所有的部队分裂或驱逐案例都发生在20只或更多的更大的狐猴队伍中，可能是因为雌性狐猴在群体内的激烈竞争。(4)分析了雌性环尾狐猴的双重竞争(组内竞争和组间竞争)以及这些竞争之间的资产负债表，特别是在出生季节。这些研究结果发表在《科学期刊》上。现在，(5)分析了贝伦蒂环尾狐猴雄性和雌性优势等级关系的长期变化，(6)从雌性竞争的角度分析了野生雌性黑猩猩排卵的异步性。

Based on the long-term data on the provisioned troops of Japanese macaques of Iwatayama Monkey Park(Kyoto), the wild population of Yakushima(Kagoshima), the wild population of chimpanzees of Mahale Mts. National Park(Tanzania), and the wild troops of ring-tailed monkeys of Berenty Reserve(Madagascar), I have studied the competition and coexistence of female primates, as follows ;(1)Based on the data of Japanese macaques of Arashiyama, the long-term trends in matrilineal inbreeding among them were investigated. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that different degrees of kin relatedness are discriminated by individuals with respect to mate choice. (2)In Yakushima, the intergroup encounters of wild Japanese macaques were analyzed, and the new method to estimate group density by point census was studied. (3)For the females of ring-tailed lemurs at Berenty, their reproductive parameters and population dynamics changes were analyzed. Ring-tailed lemurs are essentially female philopatric, and all cases of troop divisions or evictions occurred in larger troops of 20 or more lemurs, probably because of severe female within-group competition. (4)The dual competition(within-group and inter-group competitions) of female ring-tailed lemurs and the balance sheet between these competitions were analyzed, in particular during the birth season. These results were published in the Scientific Journals. Now, (5)I am analyzing the long-term changes of dominance rank relations of both male and female ring-tailed lemurs of Berenty, and (6)I am also analyzing the asynchrony of ovulation of wild chimpanzee females from the viewpoint of female competition.