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Food related-Amino Acid ＆ Brain Function and Repair

食品相关-氨基酸与脑功能与修复

基本信息

批准号：
12660111
负责人：
TATSUHIRO Hisatsune
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12660111/
关键词：
Neural Circuit Formation Repair of neural circuit Taurine Taurine receptor Blood Brain Barrier Taurine transporter Neural Stem Cells Neurogenesis 脳機能の増強食品成分神経回路グルタミン酸グリシン β-アラニン γアミノ酪酸

项目摘要

Mother's milk is a one of the best food. Baby can be grown up just by drinking mother's milk. This food contains the all components essential to the growth of baby. The brain development should also be supported by a certain component included in mother's milk. Taurine is an amino acid and is contained at a high concentration of 300-500 microM in human mother's milk, but at a low concentration in Cow's milk (less than 10 microM). Sturman and his colleagues conducted the general nutritional study of taurine using macaque monkeys. They stressed that there are significant disadvantages to primates fed a taurine-free formula during development (up to 12 months). Nowadays, most of infant formulae contain a large amount of this amino acid (20-35 mg/100 g dry weight). This corresponds 200-360 microM, a little lower than in human milk. People expect the positive effect of taurine on the brain development; however, no clear data have obtained. Our study is the first attempt to verify the effect of taurine on the development of mammalian cerebral cortex. We have studied the effect of taurine on the development of cerebral neocortex by using an acute brain slice from new-born mice. By means of electrophysiology, we observed that taurine opens the chloride channels on young neurons. The opening of this channel was inhibited by the application of a glycine-receptor antagonist, strychnine. These results demonstrate that taurine binds to the glycine-receptors. There are a few reports showing the opening of glycine-receptor by the application of taurine; but most studies were regarding to spinal cord's neuron. By means of immunohistochemistry, we detected the expression of glycine-receptor alpha2 subunits on young neurons at developing cerebral cortex. A RT-PCR study also showed the existence of glycine-receptor alpha2 molecules in the developing cerebral cortex.

母乳是最好的食物之一。喝母乳就能让宝宝长大。这种食物含有婴儿成长所必需的所有成分。大脑的发育也应该得到母乳中包含的某种成分的支持。牛磺酸是一种氨基酸，在母乳中含量高达300-500微米，但在牛乳中含量较低(不到10微米)。Sturman和他的同事在猕猴身上进行了牛磺酸的一般营养研究。他们强调，灵长类动物在发育过程中(长达12个月)喂养不含牛磺酸的配方奶有很大的不利之处。如今，大多数婴儿配方奶粉都含有大量的这种氨基酸(每100克干重20-35毫克)。这相当于200-360微米，略低于母乳中的含量。人们期待牛磺酸对大脑发育的积极作用，然而，还没有得到明确的数据。本研究首次验证了牛磺酸对哺乳动物大脑皮层发育的影响。我们用新生小鼠的急性脑片研究了牛磺酸对大脑新皮质发育的影响。通过电生理学的方法，我们观察到牛磺酸开放年轻神经元上的氯离子通道。该通道的开放可被甘氨酸受体拮抗剂士的宁抑制。这些结果表明牛磺酸与甘氨酸受体结合。有少数报道表明应用牛磺酸开放甘氨酸受体，但大多数研究都是关于脊髓神经元的。通过免疫组织化学的方法，我们检测了发育中的大脑皮质年轻神经元上甘氨酸受体α2亚单位的表达。RT-PCR研究还表明，发育中的大脑皮层中存在甘氨酸受体α2分子。