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Fundamental research about the Japanese nursing policy in the occupation

日本职业护理政策的基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
12672266
负责人：
TSUBOI Yoshiko
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12672266/
关键词：
GHQ SCAP Occupation Nursing Reform Nursing education reform Nursing Education Council Nursing Curriculum CHQ 看護政策看護教育看護行政

项目摘要

The current system of nursing education in Japan was the result of reform during the Occupation. This study analyzed the deliberative process by which a new professional nursing education system was started in postwar Japan.Col. Sams of the Public Health and Welfare Section of General Headquarters established the Nursing Education Council in 1946 to deliberate a new nursing education system. The council held discussions on curriculum, and the position and role of nursing in Japan.We searched GHQ/SCAP records pertaining to nursing reform, stored on microfiche at the Archives of Constitutional Government at the National Diet Library, using the keywords of nursing, nursing policy, and nursing education. We compared the documents we obtained from GHQ records and compared them with materials from the Japanese side to look into what happened in reality. We also studied and analyzed documents on nursing policy mentioned and written by the people actually involved in nursing reform.The deliberations resulted in a system in which the three types of nurses, clinical, public health and midwives, were unified under one general education system, with high school graduation a prerequisite for entrance. A 3-year basic course of nursing for all nurses, following specific guidelines set by the council, was designed. Specialists in midwifery or public health required post-graduate education. Nursing was recognized as a profession.This study clarified the deliberative process by which a new nursing education system, unique to Japan, was established in a national nursing policy initiative during the Occupation.

日本现行的护理教育制度是日本占领时期改革的结果。本研究分析了战后日本开始新的专业护理教育制度的审议过程。1946年，总部公共卫生和福利科的Sams上校成立了护理教育理事会，审议新的护理教育制度。理事会就课程设置、护理在日本的地位和作用等问题进行了讨论。我们使用护理、护理政策、护理教育等关键词检索了国立国会图书馆宪政档案馆保存在缩微胶片上的GHQ/SCAP有关护理改革的记录。我们比较了从GHQ记录中获得的文件，并将其与日本方面的材料进行了比较，以了解实际情况。我们也研究、分析了实际参与护理改革的人士所提、所写的护理政策文件，经过讨论，形成了临床、公共卫生和助产三种护士统一在一个普通教育体系下，以高中毕业为入学条件的制度。根据理事会制定的具体指导方针，为所有护士设计了为期3年的基础护理课程。助产或公共卫生方面的专家需要研究生教育。护理被认为是一种职业。这项研究阐明了日本占领期间国家护理政策倡议中建立日本独有的新护理教育体系的审议过程。