Evaluation of Ecological Impacts Caused by Bioremediation of Marine Crude Oil-Contamination

对海洋原油污染进行生物修复可能产生的生态毒理学影响进行了实验研究，以建立安全的生物修复策略。建立了原油对海洋藻类和细菌急性毒性评价的新生物检测方法，分别采用了拟应用于本研究的teriolecduneliella和cambellli弧菌。在摇瓶中对阿拉伯轻质原油进行的一系列降解试验表明，对有效降解微生物进行生物强化和添加分散剂Tween 80可显著加快海水中原油的生物降解或净化。然而，出乎意料的是，研究还表明，尽管本研究未观察到致突变性的发生，但这些可能导致经过生物修复的海水急性毒性的短暂增加。为阐明其作用机理而进行的实验强烈表明，分散剂的加入增加了油组分，特别是饱和油组分的溶解量，导致了毒性的迅速增加。另一个可能的原因似乎是有毒中间体的积累，这是由于芳烃，特别是多芳烃的生物降解增强而发生的。

Possible ecotoxicological impacts caused by performing bioremediation for clean-up of marine crude oil-contamination were experimentally investigated to establish the safe bioremediation strategy. Novel bioassays for evaluating acute toxicity aofcrude oil gainst marine algae and bacteria were developed using Duneliella teriolecta and Vibrio campbellii, respectively, to be used in this study.Aseries of degradation tests of Arabian Light crude oil in shake flasks revealed that bioaugmentation of effective degrading-microbes and addition of a dispersant, Tween 80, can considerably accelerate the biodegradation or clean-up of the crude oil in the marine water. However, unexpectedly it was also indicated that these can lead to a transient increase in the acute toxicity of the marine water undergoing the bioremediation, although no occurrence of mutagenicity was observed within this study.The experimental performed to clarify its mehanism(s) strongly suggested that the increase in the amount of solubilized oil components, especially saturates, by the addition of dispersant caused a rapid increase in the toxicity. Another possible reason seemed to be the accumulation of toxic intermediate(s) which occurred due to enhanced biodegradation of aromatics, especially poly-aromatic hydrocarbons.