Evaluation of Ecological Impacts Caused by Bioremediation of Marine Crude Oil-Contamination

为建立安全的生物修复策略，对海洋原油污染生物修复可能产生的生态毒理学效应进行了实验研究。分别以杜氏杜氏藻（Duneliella teriolecta）和坎氏弧菌（Vibrio campbellii）为研究对象，建立了评价原油对藻类和细菌急性毒性的生物测定方法，并对阿拉伯轻质原油进行了一系列摇瓶降解试验，结果表明，有效降解菌的生物强化和分散剂吐温80的加入，可显著加速海水中原油的生物降解或净化。然而，出乎意料的是，它也表明，这些可以导致在进行生物修复的海水的急性毒性的瞬时增加，虽然在本研究中没有观察到发生的致突变性。实验进行，以澄清其机制（S）的实验强烈表明，溶解的石油组分的量的增加，特别是饱和物，通过添加分散剂引起的毒性迅速增加。另一个可能的原因似乎是由于芳烃，特别是多环芳烃的生物降解作用增强而产生的有毒中间体的积累。

Possible ecotoxicological impacts caused by performing bioremediation for clean-up of marine crude oil-contamination were experimentally investigated to establish the safe bioremediation strategy. Novel bioassays for evaluating acute toxicity aofcrude oil gainst marine algae and bacteria were developed using Duneliella teriolecta and Vibrio campbellii, respectively, to be used in this study.Aseries of degradation tests of Arabian Light crude oil in shake flasks revealed that bioaugmentation of effective degrading-microbes and addition of a dispersant, Tween 80, can considerably accelerate the biodegradation or clean-up of the crude oil in the marine water. However, unexpectedly it was also indicated that these can lead to a transient increase in the acute toxicity of the marine water undergoing the bioremediation, although no occurrence of mutagenicity was observed within this study.The experimental performed to clarify its mehanism(s) strongly suggested that the increase in the amount of solubilized oil components, especially saturates, by the addition of dispersant caused a rapid increase in the toxicity. Another possible reason seemed to be the accumulation of toxic intermediate(s) which occurred due to enhanced biodegradation of aromatics, especially poly-aromatic hydrocarbons.