Development of nano-scale conjugated molecular wires and research of their functional abilities

为了探索纳米级共轭低聚物作为先进功能材料的潜力，本论文开展了以下四个方面的研究：1、功能性共轭纳米分子的设计与开发; 2、共轭纳米分子的多功能化; 3、共轭纳米分子的高阶有序化; 4、共轭纳米分子作为分子电子学材料的应用。在第一个课题中，最有成果的研究成果是开发了一系列长度为36.7 nm的寡聚噻吩，最大可达96-mer。这种超长分子的发展意味着自下而上的合成分子与微型技术的小型化对接。这是实现单分子电子学的第一个重要步骤。第二个主题的一个重要结果是揭示了低聚噻吩作为光诱导电子和能量转移的上级分子导线的优势。在第三个主题中，一个显著的结果是开发了一种三脚架四苯基甲烷锚，它可以在金基底上形成的自组装单分子层（SAM）中的附着的低聚噻吩分子的自立。它实际上被应用于高效SAM基光伏电池和电致发光器件的成功构建。在第四个主题中，值得注意的是观察到寡聚噻吩/富勒烯二元体系是易于光致电荷分离的上级体系，这适用于分子电子材料。塑料太阳能电池使用的低聚噻吩/富勒烯二对制造，表现出高效的光伏性能。

In order to explore the potential of nano-scale conjugated oligomers as advanced functional materials, the following four projects have been studied : 1,the designs and developments of functional conjugated nanomolecules ; 2,multifunctionalization of conjugated nanomolecules ; 3,higher-order organization of conjugated nanomolecules ; 4,applications of conjugated nanomolecules as molecular electronics materials. The most fruitful research result in the first topic is to have developed a series of oligothiophenes up to the 96-mer with 36.7 nm in length. The development of such extraordinarily long molecules means the docking of the bottom-up of synthetic molecules with the downsizing of microtechnology. This is the first important step towards the realization of single-molecular electronics. A great result in the second topic is to have revealed the advantage of oligothiophenes as superior molecular wires for photoinduced electron and energy transfer. A marked result in the third topics is to have developed a tripodal tetraphenylmethane anchor, which can serve the self-standing of the attached oligothiophene molecules in a self-assembled monolayer(SAM) formed on the gold substrate. It was actually applied to the successful construction of highly efficient SAM-based photovoltaic cells and electroluminescent devices. In the fourth topics, remarkable is to observe that oligothiophene/fullerene dyads are superior systems apt to photoinduced charge-separation, which is applicable to molecular electronics materials. Plastic solar cells using the oligothiophene/fullerene dyads were fabricated, demonstrating efficient photovoltaic performances.