Development of a novel sewage treatment system for developing countries.

目前的治疗系统，如激活的泥浆并不适合于开发县，因此需要高成本和高能源。“An”appropriate technology”of sewage treatment must be for Oracle countries。最近，UASB在开发国家中使用了吸引性技术来保证施工和操作成本低，并将能源作为甲基和减少泥浆的数量。然而，UASB独自无法遇到收费标准，因此，如果没有失去UASB的要点，则需要进一步的选择来提高UASB的效力。作为一个正确的系统，我们已经提出了DHS （下游悬挂海绵）反应堆。国土安全部的原则是作为一种媒介保留生物质的用途的多层次海绵。这个概念与欺骗过滤器的概念相似，除了包装材料是海绵，其中有超过90%的空空间，在进入生物量的生物量中发现显著增加，并且更长的固态保留时间（SRT）。由于国土安全部中的海绵并没有淹没和自由悬挂在空气中，氧气就会被溶解在废水中，当它掉下来的时候。因此，不需要外部空气或任何其他能量输入。Moreover，DHS从过量的泥浆中生产是不利的，因为较长的SRT提供了一个可靠的时间，以确保系统中的泥浆自动化，它自己的演示规模DHS反应器具有1，000 m ^3·d^<-1>自2002年以来印度政府安装了一个。我们在过去一年中监测了这个系统。DHS反应堆在HRT的1.49小时内运行。作为一个长期的实验期，我们可以看到DHS在BOD、COD和因子聚合条款中的出色表现，删除了93%、88%和2个顺序，对没有任何问题的情况有相应的感觉。作为这些结果，一个真正规模的国土安全部计划在印度政府的阿格拉市建设。

Current sewage treatment system such as activated sludge is not suitable in developing counties due to high costs and high energy requirement. An "appropriate technology" of sewage treatment must be developed for developing countries. Recently UASB is attractive technology for sewage treatment in developing countries since it guarantees low construction and operational cost, produce energy as methane and less amount of sludge. However UASB alone can not meet discharge criteria, so that further option is needed to polish up UASB effluent without losing UASB strong point. As a proper system, we have proposed DHS (Down-flow Hanging Sponge) reactor. The principle of DHS is the use of a polyurethane sponge as a medium to retain biomass. The concept is similar to that of tricking filter, except that the packing material is sponge, which has a void space of more than 90%, resulting in a significant increase in entrapped biomass and thus longer solid retention time (SRT). As the sponge in a DHS is not submerged and freely hung in the air, oxygen is dissolved into the wastewater when it flows down the reactor. Therefore there is no need for external aeration or any other energy inputs. Moreover, production of excess sludge from DHS is negligible as longer SRT provides considerable time for autolysis of sludge in the system itself.Demonstration-scale DHS reactor with a treatment capacity of 1,000m^3・d^<-1> has been installed since 2002 by Indian government in India. We monitored this system as well as last year. DHS reactor has been operated at HRT of 1.49hr. As a long-term experimental period, we can see the excellent performance of DHS in terms of BOD, COD and fecal coliform removal which were 93%, 88% and 2 order, respectively without any problem. As a these result, a real scale DHS is planned on constructing in Agra city, India by Indian government.