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Development of a novel sewage treatment system for developing countries.

为发展中国家开发新型污水处理系统。

基本信息

批准号：
13355022
负责人：
OHASHI Akiyoshi
金额：
$ 25.21万
依托单位：
Nagaoka University of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13355022/
关键词：
Developing countries Sewage treatment Low cost Methane Molecular biology UASB DHS Nitrification and Denitrification

项目摘要

Current sewage treatment system such as activated sludge is not suitable in developing counties due to high costs and high energy requirement. An "appropriate technology" of sewage treatment must be developed for developing countries. Recently UASB is attractive technology for sewage treatment in developing countries since it guarantees low construction and operational cost, produce energy as methane and less amount of sludge. However UASB alone can not meet discharge criteria, so that further option is needed to polish up UASB effluent without losing UASB strong point. As a proper system, we have proposed DHS (Down-flow Hanging Sponge) reactor. The principle of DHS is the use of a polyurethane sponge as a medium to retain biomass. The concept is similar to that of tricking filter, except that the packing material is sponge, which has a void space of more than 90%, resulting in a significant increase in entrapped biomass and thus longer solid retention time (SRT). As the sponge in a DHS is not submerged and freely hung in the air, oxygen is dissolved into the wastewater when it flows down the reactor. Therefore there is no need for external aeration or any other energy inputs. Moreover, production of excess sludge from DHS is negligible as longer SRT provides considerable time for autolysis of sludge in the system itself.Demonstration-scale DHS reactor with a treatment capacity of 1,000m^3・d^<-1> has been installed since 2002 by Indian government in India. We monitored this system as well as last year. DHS reactor has been operated at HRT of 1.49hr. As a long-term experimental period, we can see the excellent performance of DHS in terms of BOD, COD and fecal coliform removal which were 93%, 88% and 2 order, respectively without any problem. As a these result, a real scale DHS is planned on constructing in Agra city, India by Indian government.

目前的污水处理系统，如活性污泥，是不适合在发展中国家，由于高成本和高能源需求。必须为发展中国家开发污水处理的“适当技术”。近年来，UASB由于其建设和运行成本低、产甲烷能源和污泥量少而成为发展中国家污水处理的一种有吸引力的技术。然而，单独的UASB不能满足排放标准，因此需要进一步的选择来抛光UASB的出水而不失去UASB的优点。作为一个合适的系统，我们提出了DHS（下降流悬挂海绵）反应器。DHS的原理是使用聚氨酯海绵作为保留生物质的介质。该概念类似于滴滤式过滤器，不同之处在于填充材料是海绵，其具有大于90%的空隙空间，导致截留的生物质显著增加，从而延长固体保留时间（SRT）。由于DHS中的海绵没有浸没在空气中，而是自由地悬挂在空气中，因此当废水沿反应器流下时，氧气溶解在废水中。因此，不需要外部曝气或任何其他能量输入。此外，由于较长的SRT为系统本身的污泥自溶提供了相当长的时间，因此DHS产生的剩余污泥可以忽略不计。印度政府自2002年以来在印度安装了处理能力为1,000 m^3·d^的示范规模DHS反应器<-1>。我们去年也监测了这个系统。DHS反应器在HRT为1.49hr的条件下运行。经过长期的试验，DHS对BOD、COD和粪大肠菌群的去除率分别达到93%、88%和2个数量级，没有出现任何问题。因此，印度政府计划在印度阿格拉市建造一个真实的规模的国土安全部。