Formal Ontology based on Temporal Logic

基于时态逻辑的形式本体

• 批准号: 13610002
• 负责人: KACHI Daisuke
• 金额: $ 1.02万
• 依托单位: Saitama University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610002/
• 关键词: partial logic; temporal modal logic; formal ontology; philosophy of time; time travel; temporal becoming; substance ontology; tensed ontology; 時間論理; 時間様相; ディオドロス様相; オントロジー; 時制; 様相; オントロジー工学

Taking temporal becoming as one of important aspects in reality, this research aimed at two tasks : one is constructing a formal system of temporal logic that can properly deal with ontological inferences related to temporal becoming, and the other is building up, based on that system, an inclusive ontological theory that gives a principal role to temporal becoming.As for the former, I constructed the system of (propositional) temporal partial logic PS4.3. PS4.3 is a system given by making simple partial logic SPL temporal along with S4.3, which is known as a Diodorean modal logic. Since the Kripke frame that characterizes S4.3 is a dense ordered sequence, there the propositions that express possibility can be interpreted as those that insist on their truth at some present or future moments in a dense linear time. After defining the syntax and semantics of PS4.3, I constructed a tableau proof system and showed its soundness, completeness and decidability.As for the latter, firstly I built up a system of tensed ontology based on SPL and secondly constructed a system of formal ontology of temporal modality based on PS4.3, in accordance with substance ontology.Moreover I made investigations about two ontological problems concerning time : the possibility of time travel and the reality of temporal becoming. As for the former, making a distinction between the real past and the unreal future along the history of a substance, I proved that the time travels to the past that may bring about paradoxes are impossible. As for the latter, finding in the occurrence of an event a temporal direction of changing from possibility to necessity and from unreality to reality, I insisted that we should recognize the reality of temporal becoming in such an occurrence.

将时态生成作为现实中的一个重要方面，本研究针对两个方面展开研究：一是构建一个能够正确处理与时态生成相关的本体论推理的时态逻辑形式化系统；二是在此基础上构建一个以时态生成为主体的包容本体论理论。PS4.3是通过使简单部分逻辑SPL与S4.3一起时态而给出的系统，这被称为狄奥多德模式逻辑。由于表征S4.3的克里普克框架是一个稠密的有序序列，在那里表达可能性的命题可以被解释为那些在稠密线性时间中的当前或未来时刻坚持其真实性的命题。在定义了PS4.3的语法和语义后，构建了Tableau证明系统，并证明了其可靠性、完备性和可判断性；对于Tableau证明系统，首先建立了基于SPL的时态本体系统，然后根据实体本体论构建了基于PS4.3的时间情态形式本体系统，并对时间的两个本体论问题：时间旅行的可能性和时间形成的现实性进行了研究。对于前者，沿着一种物质的历史来区分真实的过去和虚幻的未来，我证明了时间旅行到过去可能带来悖论是不可能的。对于后者，我发现在一个事件的发生中有一个从可能到必然，从非现实到现实的时间方向，我坚持认为我们应该在这样的事件中认识到时间成为的现实。

项目成果

Daisuke Kachi: "Tensed Ontology based on Simple Partial Logic"Proceedings of Ninth International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning : TIME-02, IEEE Computer Society. 141-145 (2002)

Daisuke Kachi：“基于简单部分逻辑的张紧本体”第九届时间表示和推理国际研讨会论文集：TIME-02，IEEE 计算机协会。

Daisuke Kachi: "Validity in Simple Partial Logic"The Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science. 10-4. 139-153 (2002)

加智大辅：“简单偏逻辑的有效性”日本科学哲学协会年鉴。

加地大介: "可能性から必然性への変化としての時間生成"数理科学. 493-7(印刷中). (2004)

Daisuke Kaji：“时间生成是从可能性到必然性的转变”，《数学科学》493-7（出版中）。

Daisuke Kachi: "Tense and Partial Logic (Japanese)"Tetsugaku-Zasshi (Philosophy Magazine). 116-788. 115-130 (2001)

Daisuke Kachi：“时态和部分逻辑（日语）”Tetsugaku-Zasshi（哲学杂志）。

Daisuke Kachi: "Tensed Ontology based on Simple Partial Logic"Proceedings of Ninth International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning : TIME-02. 141-145 (2002)

Daisuke Kachi：“基于简单偏逻辑的时态本体论”第九届时间表示与推理国际研讨会论文集：TIME-02。