The study of assessment of auditory and phonological short-term memory in children with developmental disabilities.

本研究的目的是探讨P3(P300)事件相关电位成分和非单词重复任务作为听觉和语音短时记忆(STM)测验的临床应用价值，但对于不能达到要求的个体，P3测验一直难以应用。为了克服这一困难，我们在正常成年人中确定了一种没有刻意歧视任务的测量程序。接下来，对60名智障儿童进行了这一程序。将被动(无任务)听觉古怪范式下的P3成分与主动条件下的P3成分进行比较。在被动组和/或主动组(如果可能的话)下记录P3。被动组P3波幅和潜伏期与正常对照组基本相当。然而，与对照组相比，他们没有表现出通过任务诱导对活跃中不常见的目标的注意来增强P3。这些发现表明，检测罕见事件的自动过程是完好无损的，但受试者的执行控制能力很差。这些结果可以作为临床实践中的规范性数据，而被动过程中的P3可以为无法执行主动辨别任务的人群提供一个有用的指标。非单词重复任务被认为是一种可靠的语音短期记忆手段，也可以预测学习新词汇的能力。我们调查了非单词重复测试是否可以对智障人士具有诊断意义。66名受试者中有8名表现出随着非单词长度的增加而减少正确复述比例的趋势。他们高度参与唐氏综合症患者的研究。这些发现表明，一些智力障碍者的语音STM技能有限，他们的重复能力较差与智力水平无关。

The purpose of this study was to consider the clinical utility of P3(P300) event-related potential component and nonword repetition task as measures of auditory and phonological short-term memory(STM).It has been difficult to apply P3 measurement to the individuals who are unable to reach the required performances. To overcome this difficulty, we determined a measurement procedure without intentional discrimination tasks in normal adults. Next, this procedure was carried out to 60 children with intellectual disabilities. The P3 component during the auditory oddball paradigm of a passive condition(no task) was compared with the P3 during an active condition. P3 were recorded from the subjects under the passive and/or the active(if possible). In the passive, P3 amplitude and latency were generally equivalent to those of the normal controls. However, in contrast to the controls, they did not show P3 enhancement by task-induced attention to the infrequent target in the active. These findings suggest that automatic processes to detect an infrequent event are intact, but executive controls are poor in the subjects. These results could be used as normative data in clinical practices, and P3 in the passive procedure can provide a useful index in the populations in which an active discrimination task cannot be performed.Nonword repetition task has been proposed as a reliable means of phonological short-term memory and also predictive of the ability to learn new lexical items. We investigated whether nonword repetition test could be of diagnostic significance for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Eight out of 66 subjects showed the tendency to reduce the proportion of correct repetition for increasing nonword length. They were highly involved in subjects with Down syndrome. These findings suggest that some persons with intellectual disabilities have limited phonological STM skills, and that their poor repetition is independent of intellectual levels.