Case Study of Environmental Policy Models at Local Level Applicable to Developing Countries

适用于发展中国家的地方环境政策模型案例研究

• 批准号: 13610257
• 负责人: KIRAOKA Yoshikazu
• 金额: $ 2.18万
• 依托单位: Shizuoka University (2004)Nara University (2001-2003)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610257/
• 关键词: Kumamoto Minamata Disease; SOx Regulation in Kitakyushu-city; Applicability For Developing Countries; Inisiative of resposible officials; Long expierience in regulative work; Organaizing regulated companies; Consideration of people's recognition; 熊

In recent years, serious environmental problems have emerged in the Asian region, accompanying rapid economic growth. But, environmental regulations are not always functioning well in present Asian countries, in spite of established environmental legal systems and a high degree of environmental awareness among the people. Coping with such difficulties, we can refer Japanese experience of environmental regulations in past 50 years. It is no doubt that there is a large difference in historical and regional conditions between present Asian countries and past Japan.So, we will use the Japanese lesson, while it is necessary to consider such difference. In this article, I analyze two Japanese cases, first one is prohibition of catching and eating fish and shellfishes in Kumamoto Minamata Disease problem, second one is regulation of SOx in Kitakyushu-city, and take some lesson for coping with environmental problems in present Asia.As the result, I find four factors which are requisite for the success of environmental regulation at local government level. First one is the initiative of responsible officials in local government. They need to lead the regulations for coping with conflict situations. Second one is that regulative staffs must learn by experience, so they need staying their position for a long time. Third, it is desirable that regulated companies are organized and leading companies accept regulation positively.Last, experts in environmental regulation need to grasp environmental recognition of people from their expierence from every day life. For their expierience, People often feel no anxiety about danger by environmental ploblems. So, experts must take such safety recognition of people into consideration with regulation for environmental problems.

近年来，伴随着经济的快速增长，亚洲地区出现了严重的环境问题。但是，尽管建立了环境法律制度，人们的环境意识很高，但在目前的亚洲国家，环境法规并不总是发挥良好的作用。面对这些困难，我们可以借鉴日本近50年来的环境法规经验。毫无疑问，现在的亚洲国家和过去的日本在历史和地区条件上有很大的不同，所以我们将借鉴日本的教训，同时也有必要考虑这种差异。在本文中，我分析了两个日本案例，第一个是熊本市禁止捕捞和食用鱼类和贝类的问题，第二个是北九州市的SOX法规，并从中吸取了应对当前亚洲环境问题的经验教训。第一个是地方政府负责官员的主动性。他们需要领导应对冲突局势的法规。第二，监管人员必须通过经验学习，因此需要长期坚守岗位。最后，环境监管专家需要从日常生活的经验中掌握人们对环境的认知。由于他们的经验，人们往往对环境问题带来的危险不感到焦虑。因此，专家必须将这种对人的安全认识与环境问题的监管结合起来考虑。

项目成果

アジアの環境問題における「後発性の不利益」と日本の経験 -水俣市、北九州市の事例からの考察-

日本在亚洲环境问题上的“后来者之弊”的经验——水俣市和北九州市的案例思考——

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 人文論集(静岡大学人文学部) 56-1
• 作者: 平岡 義和

The Disadvantage of Backwardness in Environmental Problems in Asia anad Japanese Experrience

亚洲环境问题的落后弊端与日本经验

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Studies in Humanities 56-1
• 作者: 平岡 義和;Hiraoka Yoshikazu
• 通讯作者: Hiraoka Yoshikazu