A Study of the Social Functions of the Tribes(tribus) in Ancient Rome

部落（部落）是古罗马人民的分支。罗马公民根据居住地归属于35个部落（4个城市部落，31个乡村部落）中的一个。部落被用来作为议会的投票单位，并作为陪审团的选择，军队招募，人口普查和税收（朝贡）的基础。本研究考虑了部落的社会功能，其结果如下：(a)首先，4个城市部落普遍被认为是社会地位低下和政治地位不利的部落。但是，通过调查拉丁单词“部落搬动者”的内容以及自由人、演员和私生子的登记，我证明了这种观点是不成立的。这些部落比一般认为的更中立。(b)在帝国，有一些文字和铭文来源表明部落的组织与玉米分配有关。第二，我已经证明它不是所谓的35个部落的组织，而是只由居住在罗马的罗马公民组成的组织。因此，我们可以认识到，在帝国统治下，部落确实衰落了。

The tribes (tribus) were division of the people in ancient Rome. Roman citizens belonged to one of the 35 tribes (4 urban, 31 rustic) by virtue of residence. The tribes were used as voting units of assemblies, and as the basis of juries' selection, army recruitment, the census, and taxation (tributum). This research has considered social functions of the tribes and its results are following :(a)First, 4 urban tribes are generally regarded as socially inferior and politically disadvantaged. But, investigating the content of the Latin word 'tribu movers' and the registration of the freedmen, actors and the illegitimate children, I have proved such a view not to be supported. The tribes were more neutral units than generally supposed.(b)In the empire, there are some literal and epigraphic sources which indicate the organization of the tribes in relation to the corn distribution. Secondly, I have proved that it was not the organization of the so-called 35 tribes, but the organization which only consisted of Roman citizens dwelling in Rome. Thus, we could realize that under the empire the tribes had truly declined.