STUDY ON SCOAIL HISTORY OF EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY BASED ON "BOOK SOURCES"

本研究旨在通过“书籍资料”来厘清欧洲中世纪大学的某些社会角色。包括例文、书在内的书籍是大学智力活动的出版物，也是大学教育和研究的主要来源。书是由书商或书商提供的，在中世纪的词是“stationarii”和“lib-rarii”。这意味着大学和书商之间的关系自然是非常密切的。我们以巴黎大学为例，分析了八份文件，内容涉及巴黎大学关于图书交易的规定、书商的宣誓以及免除所有大学图书馆营业税和关税的皇家法令。分析表明，大学的规定旨在禁止书商进行不公平或不合理的图书交易，包括特殊租赁，这可能妨碍法官和学者完成他们的智力活动。宣誓的内容与大学的意愿相一致，因此宣誓的书生受到大学的保护并享有特权。关于巴黎书商的社会学。据我们统计，从1292年到1353年，大约有120位书商从事他们的业务，他们之间可能有密切的关系。我们还可以指出，书店集中在两个区：一个是拉丁区，特别是圣雅克街，另一个是圣城岛的圣母院新街。我们说巴黎大学和书商有着密切的社会关系，他们的活动领域是相同的。

This research aims to clarify some social roles of medieval universities in Europe by using "book sources". Books including exempla, pecia, are the publication of university intellectual activity, and also main sources of university education and research. Books were provided by Bookmen or Booksellers, in medieval word "stationarii" and "lib-rarii". This means that the relation between University and Bookmen were naturally very close.We chose University of Paris as example, and analyzed eight documents, concerning Parisian University provisons on the book-trade, the oath sworn by bookmen, and a royal ordonnance exempting all the university librarii from the commercial tax and the taille. The analyses show that the University provisions aimed to forbid bookmen to perform unfair or unreasonable book-trade including pecia rental, which might prevent magistri and scolares from accomplishing their intellectual activities. And the contents of oath sworn corresponded to what the University wished, so that bookmen who sworn were placed under the university protection and enjoyed privileges.As to a sociology of Parisian bookmen. we count about 120 bookmen in their business from 1292 to 1353, and may find between them a close kinship. We can indicate also that book-shops were concentrated in two quarters : one is Quartier Latin, especially Rue Saint-Jacques, and the other is Rue neuve de Notre-Dame in l'Ile de la Cite.We say Parisian University and bookmen being in a close social relations shared the same area of their activities.