Medieval Universities and the Prelates

这项研究旨在通过考量鲁昂大主教、兰斯大主教和贝桑松大主教以及亚眠、阿金、罗德兹、昂格斯、门德和塞斯大主教在1200至1500年间招聘的职业生涯，来澄清欧洲中世纪大学与其社会的关系。我们试图调查他们中有多少人享受了大学教育，他们是什么时候加入SEE的，他们学的是什么学科，他们在大学获得了什么学位-博士、执照、学士学位，以及他们上的是什么大学。在分析了他们的个人职业生涯后，我们得出了以下结果。(1)1200-1500年间，我们发现大主教218人，其中97人受过大学教育，占44%。但这一比例随着时间的推移而变化；13世纪，这一比例为28%，14世纪初至15世纪末，这一比例为68%。特别是，从1361年到1460年，我们可以说，在这几年进入大主教或主教的人中，有80%是在大学接受培训的。因此，我们可以将这一时期称为“大学培养的大主教和主教的黄金时代”。(2)就他们获得的学位而言，很明显，与“法律”有关的学位，即教会法和民法，在法律上是占优势的；在获得学位的人中，76%是法律研究的持有者，与这个百分比相比，我们只给了神学学位持有者10%。(3)对于未来大主教和主教就读的大学，巴黎大学排在第一位，其次是奥尔良大学。很少有人去法国以外的大学学习。总而言之，从14世纪开始，大学培训的大主教和主教经常被招募为大主教和主教。对他们来说，法律研究是所有学科中最有吸引力的，巴黎大学是他们就读的大学中的优势。

This research aims to clarify the relation between European medieval universities and its society, by considering the career of archbishops of Rouen, of Reims and of Besancon, and bishops of Amiens, of Agen, of Rodez, of Angers, of Mende and of Sees, recruited during the year from 1200 to 1500. We tried to survey, among them, how many enjoyed university education, when they acceded to the see, what kind of discipline they learned, what kind of degree-doctor, licentiatus, baccalairus-they obtained in university, and also what universities they attended.After the analyses of their personal career, we reached the following results. (1)From 1200 to 1500, we found 218 archbishops and bishops, and among them, 97, i.e. 44% enjoyed university education. But the proportion changes following the time ; during the 13th Century, it shows 28%, and, 68% from the beginning of 14th to the end of 15th Century. Especially, from the year 1361 to 1460, we can say that 80% of those who entered on archbishopric or bishopric during these years, were trained at university. So we May call the period "the golden age of university trained archbishop and bishop". (2)On the academic degree they obtained, it is clear that the degree concerning "law", i.e. canon law and civil law, and in utroque jure, is preponderant ; of those who acquired the degree, 76% were holders of the legal studies, in comparison with this percentage, we give only 10% to the holder of theological degree. (3)As to the universities attended future archbishops and bishops, they, the university of Paris comes first, and comes next the university of Orleans outruns. There were few who went to study at universities outside of France.In conclusion, from the 14th Century on, university trained archbishops and bishops were often recruited as archbishop and bishop. For them, the legal studies were most attractive of all the disciplines, and the university of Paris was preponderant as the universities they attended.