A Research on the Increase of Efficiency and Systematization in Measuring Archaeological Features

尽管近年来计算机和测量机械的发展迅速，但考古学特征的测量方法尚未建立。本研究的目的是为了开发与机械的进步和普及相适应的新的测量方法和系统化方法。为了达到上述目的，我们首先收集了用于测量考古特征的各种方法，例如，平板测量法，yarikata测量法（使用水平设置的弦状网格的土地测量方法）和使用全站仪或GPS的方法。接下来，分析了它们的优缺点，并对日本几个地区的实际测量情况进行了调查，根据这些结果，制定了目前最有效、最精确的测量方法。它是利用全站仪或GPS设置测量基线，多个测量人员同时绘制平面图的方法。这是利用矢形法测量的优点来提高测量精度和效率的一种方法，并研制了一种直接测量高程的卷尺。它有一个刻度标在相反的方向。该卷尺使我们能够简单方便地测量高度，不仅提高了野外工作的效率，而且也提高了室内工作的效率。在测量结构方面，也采用了全站仪的方法。然后，我们在海拔约1600米的小泽宿舍进行了调查，并公布了结果。该方法具有一定的实用性，可适用于各种约束条件下的情况。

In spite of the rapid progress of computers and surveying machinery in recent years, the method of measuring archaeological features isn't established yet. This research tries to develop the new way of measurement and systematization corresponding to the progress and the diffusion of the machinery.To attain the above purpose, at first we collected the various methods which were used to measure archaeological features, for example, plane table surveying, yarikata surveying (land surveying method using a horizontally set string grid) and the method using a total station or GPS. Next, we analyzed their advantage and disadvantage, and investigated to grasp the actual condition of the measuring in several regions in Japan.Based on those results, we can establish a measuring method which would be most effective and precise at present. It is the way to set base lines for measurement by using a total station or GPS, and more than one measurer draw the plan all at once. As it were, that is the method to improve the precision and efficiency of yarikata surveying with making use of its advantage.Furthermore, we developed a tape in order to measure the altitude directly. It has a scale marked in the contrary direction. This tape enabled us to measure the altitude simply and easily, and contributed to improve the efficiency in not only field work but indoor work.As for the surveying of configuration, the method using a total station was also put into practice. Then, we carried out surveying at Ozawa Quarters located in altitude of about 1600 meters, and published the result. It is sure that this method is very useful and can be applied to various cases under the restricted conditions.