Reconstruction Concerning the Locations Ancient Palaces and Government Offices in Japan

结合近年来考古工作的发展，从遗址特征、地理物质、史料考证等方面进行了论述。本文首先对七世纪各宫殿在盆地上的位置、离海高度、高度与周长的比值以及与主要道路的关系进行了分析，并对七世纪前各宫殿在盆地上的位置、离海高度、高度与周长的比值以及与主要道路的关系进行了分析。接着，收集了世纪以前与宫殿有关的考古学和地理学资料，并根据“日本书记”、"古事记“、”扶桑历记“、”帝王年记“等基础文献，具体选定了各宫殿的候选区域，从与史料的一致性和位置的一致性方面考察了其有效性。我也执行了T ...更多信息 通过对各候选地区的考察，并收集了世纪前后官署的考古资料和地理资料，从与宫殿的比较来看，大和的宫殿一般都位于奈良盆地的边缘，靠近被奉为神之地的群山，这样的位置也有利于防御敌人。另外，从地理特征来看，大部分宫殿都位于由长濑河及其支流形成的较低的阶地上，似乎选择了更高和足够面积的空间。而许多宫殿都与当时的交通要道直接相关，或位于交通要道上。另一方面，在第一阶段，宫殿的分布主要集中在四季地区，随后经过飞鸟、矶之上、初濑、伊吹的轮换，到了世纪，宫殿的分布主要集中在伊吹地区。到了世纪，宫殿的分布终于集中到飞鸟地区，这似乎与当时政治结构和地方防御体系的发展有关，尤其是佛教寺庙被接收后，其视觉纪念碑的作用更是象征着王权。少

In view of the development of archaeological investigations in recent years, I went through the features of sites, geographical matter and the reexamination of historical materials. It aimed at calculating the whereabouts of the palaces before the seventh centuiy which wasn't clear yet and grasping the characteristics of palaces, government offices and the alteration concerning with the eras or areas.At first, about each palace in the seventh century, I analyze the position on the basin, the height above the sea, the height of a ratio with the circumference and relation with the main roads. Next I collected archeological and geographical data concerning with the palaces before the seventh century.Then, based on those data and the fundamental literature such as 'Nihon-shoki', 'Kojiki', 'Fuso-ryakki' and 'Teio-hen'nenki', I selected candidate area of each palace concretely, and examined the validity from the consistency with the historical materials and the location. I also carried out t … More he exploration of each candidate area, moreover collected archaeological and geographical data of government offices around the seventh or eighth century from the viewpoint of the comparison with palaces.Generally most of palaces in Yamato was located in the edge of Nara basin and close to the mountains worshipped as the place of God, and this kind of location was also effective for defense against the enemy.Moreover, as for geographical features, most of palaces was located on the lower terraces which were formed by Hase river and its branches, and it seems to having chosen the space where higher and enough area could be secured. And many palaces were related to the main roads in those days directly, or located in the important point of the traffic.On the other hand, the whereabouts of them was concentrated to Shiki area at the first stage, next after the rotation among Asuka, Isonokami, Hatsuse and Iware, palaces in the sixth century were concentrated to Iware area. Then, at last the whereabouts of palaces was concentrated to Asuka area in the seventh century.It seems that those concentration were related to the development of the political structure and the local defense system in that background, and especially after the reception of the Buddhism temples, the effect as visual monuments which symbolized royalty was intended. Less