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Research on Reality and Comparation on legal issues about Sports and Broadcasting among EU, Germany and Japan

欧盟、德国、日本体育广播法律问题的现实与比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
13620023
负责人：
MURAKAMI Takenori
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13620023/
关键词：
broadcasting rights news summaries of sports events monopoly on news constitutional rights of sports events' organisers global access subscription television and public broadcasters international broadcasting systems japanese custom of sport

项目摘要

After two years of our research, we could investigate the actual situation and legal problems of sportsevents and broadcasting rights among the EU, Germany and Japan.(1) At first we have analyzed the so called shorttimebroadcasting case by the German Federal Constitutional Court. In February 1998, in a dispute between public broadcasters and the Soccer Federation supported by the German Government, the German Federal Constitutional Court ruled that television stations should not be allowed to broadcast short highlights of professional sports and -other events without paying broadcasting rights. In its ruling, the court asked the legislature to amend, at the latest within the next five years, a 1991 law which was adopted by 16 German states allowing broadcasters to show up to 90 seconds of short broadcasts at no cost. The court pointed out the importance of such news summaries. They were necessary to prevent a monopoly on news. The quality of news could only be preserved as long as they did not come from a single source. The court, however, stressed as well that giving these broadcasting rights for free to the TV stations did violate constitutional rights of the sports events' organisers.(2) Secondly in our research we concentrated on the historical background of broadcasting rights, criticism or appreciation about the decision of the German Federal Constitutional Court and summarized the international discussion about "Global Access". We compared the legal backgrounds of broadcasting systems between Europe, the United States of America and Japan. Especially, as the first academic reseach in Japan, we investigated- and enlightened on Japanese customs among broadcasters as to broadcasting of sportsevents.

经过两年的研究，我们可以考察欧盟、德国和日本在体育赛事和转播权方面的实际情况和法律问题。(1)首先对德国联邦宪法法院所谓的短时转播案进行了分析。1998年2月，在德国政府支持的公共广播公司和足球联合会之间的纠纷中，德国联邦宪法法院裁定，不应允许电视台在不支付转播权的情况下转播职业体育和其他赛事的简短集锦。在裁决中，法院要求立法机构最迟在未来五年内修改1991年的一项法律，该法律被德国16个州通过，允许广播公司免费播放最多90秒的短广播。法院指出了此类新闻摘要的重要性。为了防止对新闻的垄断，它们是必要的。新闻的质量只有在不是来自单一来源的情况下才能保持。然而，法院也强调，将这些转播权免费给予电视台确实侵犯了体育赛事组织者的宪法权利。(2)其次，在我们的研究中，我们集中讨论了转播权的历史背景，以及对德国联邦宪法法院裁决的批评或赞赏，并总结了国际上关于“全球接入”的讨论。我们比较了欧洲、美国和日本广播制度的法律背景。特别是，作为日本第一个学术研究，我们调查并启发了日本广播公司在转播体育赛事方面的习俗。