Research on principles and criteria for sustainable use of living resources

生物资源可持续利用原则和标准研究

• 批准号: 13620036
• 负责人: ISOZAKI Hiroji
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: Iwate University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13620036/
• 关键词: Living resources; Sustainable use; Legal principles; 基準および指標; 基準

Under the treaties or domestic laws of each country on conservation of the natural resources, the efforts to set out principles and criteria for the protection of endangered species and for the sustainable use of living resources have been made. However, detailed arguments on the principles and procedures for the sustainable development or the sustainable use. though the general idea of the sustainability spreads out, doesn't proceed.This research aimed at probing into general principles and procedures for the sustainable use of living resources, through investigation and analysis from the legal viewpoint in order to find out common items, that may be referred to in the relevant treaties and domestic laws. To that end, academic articles and related materials, as well as arguments made in the COPs of the existing treaties and the subsidiary committees, were examined. Among them, "the Principles for the Ecosystem Approach" and "the Addis Ababa Principles and Guidelines" adopted by the Co … More nvention on Biological Diversity, and "the Legal Principles and Guidelines for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Living Resources," proposed by the Biodiversity Working Group of the Japan Center of International and Comparative Environmental Law were central to be considered. In addition, interviews and discussions were conducted with persons concerned at the meetings of COPs of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Ramsar Convention and other international conferences in order to identify basic items.Based on such examination, general principles and basic procedures for the sustainable use of living resources can be classified in some categories. They are "Basic Principles" that contains elementary items for the use of living resources, "Basic Procedure" that includes necessary procedures and systems for the use of such resources, "Resource Management Method" that sets out methods to be employed, and "Regime Improvement" that covers the legal, administrative and economic system concerned with the use of such resources. First, "Basic Principles" includes Equity, Ecosystem Approach, Prevention of Environmental Damage, Precautionary Approach, Interdisciplinary Approach, Awareness and Training, and International Cooperation. In "Basic Procedure", Information Dissemination, Prior Assessment and Monitoring are the main procedures. Then, for "Resource Management Method", Space and Time Frame Appropriate for the Ecosystem, Transfer of Power to -the Local Level, Adaptive Management, and Participatory Management are required. As for "Regime Improvement", Improvement of Policy and Law, Provision of Supporting Measures, Respect for Customary Rights and Traditional Knowledge, Compliance and Dispute Avoidance, Judicial Relief, Internalization of Ecological Value and Responsible Business Practices are identified.Further examination will be necessary based on this research in order to analyze and identify a set of indicators that are used in reviewing the actual application of the above principles and procedures. Less

各国有关自然资源保护的条约或国内法都努力制定保护濒危物种和可持续利用生物资源的原则和标准。但对可持续发展或可持续利用的原则和程序进行了详细论证。本研究旨在探讨生物资源可持续利用的一般原则和程序，通过从法律角度进行调查和分析，找出相关条约和国内法中可以参考的共同条款。为此，对学术文章和相关材料以及现有条约缔约方会议和附属委员会中提出的论点进行了审查。其中，《生物多样性公约》通过的《生态系统方法原则》和《亚的斯亚贝巴原则和准则》，以及日本国际比较环境法中心生物多样性工作组提出的《保护和可持续利用生物资源的法律原则和准则》是重点考虑的内容。此外，在《生物多样性公约》和《拉姆萨尔公约》缔约方会议以及其他国际会议上，对有关人员进行了访谈和讨论，以确定基本项目。在此基础上，可以将生物资源可持续利用的一般原则和基本程序分为几类。它们是包含使用生物资源的基本项目的“基本原则”，包含使用此类资源的必要程序和制度的“基本程序”，规定了使用方法的“资源管理方法”，以及涵盖与使用此类资源有关的法律、行政和经济制度的“制度完善”。首先，“基本原则”包括公平、生态系统方法、防止环境损害、预防方法、跨学科方法、意识和培训以及国际合作。在“基本程序”中，信息发布、事前评估和监测是主要程序。那么，对于“资源管理方法”，需要适合生态系统的空间和时间框架、权力向地方转移、适应性管理和参与性管理。至于“制度完善”，则确定了完善政策和法律、提供配套措施、尊重习惯权利和传统知识、合规和避免争议、司法救济、生态价值内在化和负责任的商业实践。需要在本研究的基础上进行进一步审查，以分析和确定一套用于审查上述原则和程序实际应用的指标。较少的

项目成果

Jiapeng TIAN, Jouji MIWA: "A Method of Discrimination and Scoring of Aspirated and Unaspirated Sounds for Chinese Language Learning System"The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers. Vol.J85-D-II, No.5. 842-8

田家鹏，三轮丈二：“汉语学习系统送气音和不送气音的判别和评分方法”电子信息通信工程师学会会刊。

S.Goto, J.Miwa: "Estimation of Dynamic Vocal Tract Shape for VCV Sound Using a Method of Analysis-by-Synthesis in Articulatory-Acoustic Transformation (in Japanese)"Report of Speech Technical Committee, The Institute of Electronics, Information and Commun

S.Goto、J.Miwa：“使用发音-声学变换中的分析综合方法估计 VCV 声音的动态声道形状（日语）”电子信息研究所语音技术委员会的报告

H.Isozaki: "Treaties on Nature and Living Resources."Economic Globalization and Compliance with International Environmental Agreements (Kluwer Law International). 45-57 (2003)

H.Isozaki：“自然和生物资源条约”。经济全球化和遵守国际环境协议（Kluwer Law International）。

Jouji MIWA: "Internet Language Education System for Spoken Japanese Using Integrated Java Technology (in Japanese)"Interaction2002, Tokyo, Japan. 165-166 (2002)

Jouji MIWA：“使用集成 Java 技术的日语口语网络语言教育系统（日语）”Interaction2002，日本东京。

Naoto SEKIMURA, Jouji MIWA: "Evaluation for Scoring and Durational Rate of Special Mora in Spoken Sentence for Japanese Education, Autumn Meeting (in Japanese)"The Acoustical Society of Japan. 1-6-7. 221-222 (2002)

Naoto SEKIMURA、Jouji MIWA：“日语教育口语中特殊音节的评分和持续率评估，秋季会议（日语）”日本声学学会。