Research on principles and criteria for sustainable use of living resources

根据各国关于保护自然资源的条约或国内法，已努力制定保护濒危物种和可持续利用生物资源的原则和标准。然而，对可持续发展或可持续利用的原则和程序进行了详细的论证。本研究旨在通过法律角度的调查和分析，探讨生物资源可持续利用的一般原则和程序，以找出可在相关条约和国内法中参考的共同条款。为此，审查了学术文章和相关材料，以及在现有条约和附属委员会的缔约方会议上提出的论点。其中，Co…通过了《生态系统办法原则》和《亚的斯亚贝巴原则和准则》。日本国际环境法和比较环境法中心的生物多样性工作组提出的《关于生物多样性的更多发明》和《关于保护和可持续利用生物资源的法律原则和准则》是需要审议的核心问题。此外，在《生物多样性公约》和《拉姆萨尔公约》的缔约方会议和其他国际会议上与有关人士进行了面谈和讨论，以确定基本项目，并在此基础上将生物资源可持续利用的一般原则和基本程序归类为若干类别。它们是：“基本原则”，其中包含利用生物资源的基本项目；“基本程序”，其中包括使用这类资源的必要程序和制度；“资源管理方法”，它规定了要采用的方法；以及“制度改进”，它涵盖与使用这类资源有关的法律、行政和经济制度。首先，“基本原则”包括公平、生态系统方法、防止环境损害、预防方法、跨学科方法、意识和培训以及国际合作。在“基本程序”中，信息发布、事前评估和监测是主要程序。然后，在“资源管理方法”中，需要有适合生态系统的空间和时间框架、权力向地方转移、适应性管理和参与式管理。关于“制度改进”、政策和法律的改进、配套措施的提供、尊重习惯权利和传统知识、遵守和避免争端、司法救济、生态价值的内部化和负责任的商业惯例，将有必要在这项研究的基础上进行进一步的审查，以便分析和确定一套用于审查上述原则和程序的实际应用的指标。较少

Under the treaties or domestic laws of each country on conservation of the natural resources, the efforts to set out principles and criteria for the protection of endangered species and for the sustainable use of living resources have been made. However, detailed arguments on the principles and procedures for the sustainable development or the sustainable use. though the general idea of the sustainability spreads out, doesn't proceed.This research aimed at probing into general principles and procedures for the sustainable use of living resources, through investigation and analysis from the legal viewpoint in order to find out common items, that may be referred to in the relevant treaties and domestic laws. To that end, academic articles and related materials, as well as arguments made in the COPs of the existing treaties and the subsidiary committees, were examined. Among them, "the Principles for the Ecosystem Approach" and "the Addis Ababa Principles and Guidelines" adopted by the Co … More nvention on Biological Diversity, and "the Legal Principles and Guidelines for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Living Resources," proposed by the Biodiversity Working Group of the Japan Center of International and Comparative Environmental Law were central to be considered. In addition, interviews and discussions were conducted with persons concerned at the meetings of COPs of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Ramsar Convention and other international conferences in order to identify basic items.Based on such examination, general principles and basic procedures for the sustainable use of living resources can be classified in some categories. They are "Basic Principles" that contains elementary items for the use of living resources, "Basic Procedure" that includes necessary procedures and systems for the use of such resources, "Resource Management Method" that sets out methods to be employed, and "Regime Improvement" that covers the legal, administrative and economic system concerned with the use of such resources. First, "Basic Principles" includes Equity, Ecosystem Approach, Prevention of Environmental Damage, Precautionary Approach, Interdisciplinary Approach, Awareness and Training, and International Cooperation. In "Basic Procedure", Information Dissemination, Prior Assessment and Monitoring are the main procedures. Then, for "Resource Management Method", Space and Time Frame Appropriate for the Ecosystem, Transfer of Power to -the Local Level, Adaptive Management, and Participatory Management are required. As for "Regime Improvement", Improvement of Policy and Law, Provision of Supporting Measures, Respect for Customary Rights and Traditional Knowledge, Compliance and Dispute Avoidance, Judicial Relief, Internalization of Ecological Value and Responsible Business Practices are identified.Further examination will be necessary based on this research in order to analyze and identify a set of indicators that are used in reviewing the actual application of the above principles and procedures. Less