Change and Reform of The Japanese National Bureaucracy

本文以邓利维的“局形”理论为基础，分析了国家官僚机构支出的变化规律。支出分为三种，即核心预算、局预算和项目预算。每种类型都是官僚主义执行风格的一种可观察的暗示。每个官僚机构都将自己的任务下放给其他行政组织（包括地方政府）和私人组织（包括利益集团），并保持对其他组织的监督功能。这意味着，日本的官僚机构已经形成了P. Dunlevay所说的那样。

Based upon the theory of bureau-shaping developed by P. Dunleavy, I analyzed the changing pattern of the expenditures of the national bureaucracies. The expenditure is categorized into three types, that is the core budget, the bureau budget and the program budget. Each type is an observable implication of the style of implementation of the bureaucracy.Every bureaucracy has delegated his tasks to the other administrative organizations (including local governments) and private organizations (including interest groups) and maintained the monitoring function over the other organizations. This means, the Japanese bureaucracy has shaped up themselves as suggested by P. Dunlevay.