Change and Reform of The Japanese National Bureaucracy

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Based upon the theory of bureau-shaping developed by P. Dunleavy, I analyzed the changing pattern of the expenditures of the national bureaucracies. The expenditure is categorized into three types, that is the core budget, the bureau budget and the program budget. Each type is an observable implication of the style of implementation of the bureaucracy.Every bureaucracy has delegated his tasks to the other administrative organizations (including local governments) and private organizations (including interest groups) and maintained the monitoring function over the other organizations. This means, the Japanese bureaucracy has shaped up themselves as suggested by P. Dunlevay.