Theoretical and Empirical Research on the Relations among the Size Distribution of Firms, Economies of Scale and Economic Growth

这项研究是在2001年至2003年(财政年度)进行的。它关注的是公司的规模分布。企业的规模分布通常是高度偏态的，经验证据表明，这种分布近似于帕累托分布。本研究的第一个目的是从理论上解释为什么帕累托分布适用于企业的规模分布。第二个目的是开发一个考虑到这一经验规律的经济增长和收入分配模型。我们的研究结果可以概括如下：(1)我们通过制造业普查检验了日本制造业企业的规模分布，发现它与帕累托分布非常接近。此外，帕累托系数在很长一段时间内是相当稳定的。(2)企业的帕累托分布是在以下假设下产生的：(1)企业的新进入是从最小规模开始的。(2)企业通过边做边学，获得在更大范围内高效运营的技术。(3)通过构建一个考虑企业规模分布和规模经济的宏观动态模型，发展了一种收入分配与经济增长的演化理论。作为研究的进一步扩展，我们计划更充分地利用制造业普查的数据来实证验证我们的理论结果是否成立。

This research was carried out from 2001 to 2003 (fiscal year). It concerns about the size distribution of firms. The size distribution of firms is usually highly skew, and empirical evidence shows that it is closely approximated by the Pareto distribution. The first purpose of this research was to explain theoretically why the Pareto applies to the size distribution of firms. The second purpose is to develop a model of economic growth and income distribution that takes into account this empirical law. Our findings through our research may be summarized as follows :(1) We examined the size distribution of firms of the Japanese manufacturing sector by the Census of Manufactures, and found that it was closely approximated by the Pareto distribution. Moreover, the Pareto coefficients are quite stable over long period of time.(2) The Pareto distribution of firms are shown to be generated under the following assumptions : (1) New entry of firms is made from the minimum size. (2) Firms acquire the technology of operating efficiently on a larger scale through learning by doing. (3) They expand their of operation through the accumulation of capital which is induced by profitability.(3) By constructing a macro dynamic model that takes into account the size distribution of firms and economies of scale, we have developed a kind of evolutionary theory of income distribution and economic growth.As a further extension of our research, we plan to confirm empirically whether our theoretical results hold true by using the data from the Census of Manufactures more fully.