Study of the International Technological Diffusions and Spillover by the Trade and Their Impacts on Energy Consumptions and Carbon Dioxide Emissions

还应考虑减少二氧化碳排放的技术国际转让政策。通常的技术转让或扩散。技术扩散和溢出的渗透途径有很多。这条路线不仅要通过进口体现国外先进技术的产品，而且要通过援助、外国直接投资和购买特许权使用费和许可证。在进一步分析了进口商品碳泄漏的可能性并区分高碳强度商品和其他商品之后，本文使用覆盖世界各国大样本的面板数据，量化了结构和这些技术因素对二氧化碳排放的影响。贸易的影响是可以衡量的。例如，在发展中国家组测量二氧化碳减少与运输车辆和设备进口之间的相关性。在发达国家集团中，信息/电信设备与二氧化碳减少之间存在着相互关系。此外，可以用相对低技术制造的工业品的进口与控制所有收入群体的二氧化碳排放显示出有意义的相关性。这与先驱性研究关于国外高技术溢出的论点类似，但对二氧化碳排放控制产生直接或间接影响的技术和专门知识在发达国家的广泛行业中是普遍和流行的。

The international transfer policies of technologies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions should be considered as well as. usual technology transfer or diffusion. There are many infiltrate routes of technological diffusions and spillover. The route passes through the import products which embody foreign advanced technologies is important well as much as the routes pass through aids, foreign direct investments and purchasing royalties and licenses. After additional analysis of the possibilities of the carb on-leakage in import goods and distinguish high carbon intensity goods and the other, this paper shows quantifies impacts on carbon dioxide emissions by structural and these technological factors using panel data covering large sample of worldwide countries.The effects by the trade are measured. For example, correlations in carbon dioxide reduction and imports of transportation vehicles and equipments are measured in the developing country group. In the developed country group, there, are correlations in the information/telecommunication equipments and carbon dioxide reduction. Moreover, the import of industrial goods which can be manufactured with relatively low-technologies show meaningful correlation with the control of carbon dioxide emissions in all the income groups.This is similar to the argument of pioneer studies about the high-technological spillover from outside the country, but the technologies and know-how which influence for carbon dioxide emission control directly or indirectly are general and popular among the wide range of industries in developed countries.