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A Comparative Study on Privatization and Deregulation of Postal Service in Germany and in Japan-Focus placed on Railway and Postal Service

德国与日本邮政私有化与放松管制的比较研究——以铁路和邮政为重点

基本信息

批准号：
13630075
负责人：
SAKURAI Toru
金额：
$ 0.58万
依托单位：
Nihon University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Research results are follows.1. About the postal services, it was analyzed that Deutsche Post AC (German Post Ltd. Co.,) since 1994 has risen its profitability and become a global logistic concern, owing to the restructuring measures which led to reduction of postal offices, an index of the universal service and to the supporting by the exclusive right, which means that the German postal market is the partial competitive. Under these situations there is a limit to sufficient provision of the universal service. Concerning to the common and different aspects of the postal reform in Germany and Japan, a common aspect is that the postal reforms in the both countries are oriented to the direction of privatization and deregulation, while different aspects lie in the following points. The first point is that the German Postal Agency was transformed into a Joint stock company and a certain part of its sharers were sold on the stock exchange market in Frankfurt, but that Japan Post was even today a public corporation. The second point is that in Germany a monopoly of German Post was protected by a setting of exclusive license area, but that in Japan a monopoly of Japan Post was not protected at least legally.2. About the railway, the comparative study was performed by setting a question, whether the former research results made by my book in 1996 remained true or not., in front of the important problems issued after the both railway reforms in Germany and in Japan. The important problem in Germany is the problem about a vertical separation of infrastructure and operation in Germany But it could analyzed that a vertical separation of infrastructure and operation, one of the most important reform measures in the German Railway Reform and that in Japan is the problem about the perfect privatization of the three JR Honshu Companies. The answer was true. It means that the railway reform in Germany has much more public aspects than that in Japan.

研究结果如下： 1．邮政方面，分析认为，德国邮政AC（德国邮政有限公司）自1994年以来，由于重组措施导致邮局减少、普遍服务指标以及专有权的支持，盈利能力不断上升，成为全球物流企业，这意味着德国邮政市场处于部分竞争状态。在这些情况下，普遍服务的充分提供受到限制。就德国和日本邮政改革的共同点和不同点而言，一个共同点是两国邮政改革都面向私有化和放松管制的方向，但不同点在于以下几点。第一点是，德国邮政局改制为股份公司，其部分股东在法兰克福证券交易所上市，而日本邮政至今仍是一家公众公司。第二点是，在德国，德国邮政的垄断地位受到排他许可区域设置的保护，但在日本，日本邮政的垄断地位至少在法律上没有受到保护。关于铁路，我在德国和日本铁路改革后提出的重要问题面前，提出了一个问题：我在1996年的书中所做的研究成果是否仍然正确，进行了比较研究。德国的重要问题是基础设施与运营垂直分离的问题，但可以分析一下，德国铁路改革中最重要的改革措施之一的基础设施与运营垂直分离，而日本则是JR本州三家公司完美私有化的问题。答案是正确的。这意味着德国的铁路改革比日本的铁路改革具有更多的公共性。