A Comparative Study on Privatization and Deregulation of Postal Service in Germany and in Japan-Focus placed on Railway and Postal Service

研究成果如下：1.研究成果。在邮政服务方面，分析了德国邮政AC(德国邮政有限公司)自1994年以来的盈利能力上升，并成为一家全球性的物流公司，这是由于重组措施导致邮政机构减少，普遍服务指标和专有权的支持，这意味着德国邮政市场是部分竞争的。在这些情况下，充分提供普遍服务是有限的。关于德国和日本邮政改革的共同点和不同点，一个共同的方面是，两国的邮政改革都朝着私有化和放松管制的方向发展，而不同的方面在于以下几点。第一点是，德国邮政机构转变为股份公司，其部分股份在法兰克福的证券交易所市场上出售，但日本邮政至今仍是一家上市公司。第二点是，在德国，德国邮政的垄断受到专有许可区的保护，但在日本，日本邮政的垄断至少在法律上没有受到保护。在铁路方面，针对德国和日本铁路改革后出现的重大问题，提出了作者1996年所作的前人研究成果是否成立的问题，进行了比较研究。德国的重要问题是基础设施和运营的垂直分离问题，但可以分析的是，基础设施和运营的垂直分离是德国铁路改革和日本最重要的改革措施之一，是JR本州三家公司的完美私有化问题。答案是真的。这意味着德国的铁路改革比日本的铁路改革具有更多的公共方面。

Research results are follows.1. About the postal services, it was analyzed that Deutsche Post AC (German Post Ltd. Co.,) since 1994 has risen its profitability and become a global logistic concern, owing to the restructuring measures which led to reduction of postal offices, an index of the universal service and to the supporting by the exclusive right, which means that the German postal market is the partial competitive. Under these situations there is a limit to sufficient provision of the universal service. Concerning to the common and different aspects of the postal reform in Germany and Japan, a common aspect is that the postal reforms in the both countries are oriented to the direction of privatization and deregulation, while different aspects lie in the following points. The first point is that the German Postal Agency was transformed into a Joint stock company and a certain part of its sharers were sold on the stock exchange market in Frankfurt, but that Japan Post was even today a public corporation. The second point is that in Germany a monopoly of German Post was protected by a setting of exclusive license area, but that in Japan a monopoly of Japan Post was not protected at least legally.2. About the railway, the comparative study was performed by setting a question, whether the former research results made by my book in 1996 remained true or not., in front of the important problems issued after the both railway reforms in Germany and in Japan. The important problem in Germany is the problem about a vertical separation of infrastructure and operation in Germany But it could analyzed that a vertical separation of infrastructure and operation, one of the most important reform measures in the German Railway Reform and that in Japan is the problem about the perfect privatization of the three JR Honshu Companies. The answer was true. It means that the railway reform in Germany has much more public aspects than that in Japan.