Molecular phylogeography of primitive monocotyledons at species level -with special reference to synchronism and non-synchronism on geographical variation of phenotype and genotype-

在本研究中，我们发现，对叶绿体TMK基因5‘内含子区域的DMA序列进行分析，通常是非常有效的，以便构建能够提供物种/种下分类群之间高分辨率关系的系统发育树。因此，我们不是对matK进行单一的基因分析，而是对TmK基因5’内含子和matK进行联合分析，以构建准确的Heloniopsis系统发育树，它是单子叶植物中形态上最原始的属之一。并利用该系统发育树，从系统发育、系统地理学和分类学的角度对该属进行了研究。结果表明，韩国的Heloniopsis由两个新种组成，该种被认为是与日本的东方人相同的。我们分别将它们命名为管花H.tubiflora和H.koreana。我们还透露，关东省的植物，已被归类为东方植物变种。Flavida(=H.breviscapa var flavida)，分别为H.breviscapa var、breviscapa和H.breviscapa var。灯盏花断断续续地分布在关东省和中部-四国-九州两省。因此，我们建立了一个新的Heloniopsis分类系统，其中包括7个种和1个变种。在本研究中，除了分子分析，我们还分析了形态上原始的单子叶植物黄精和Hosta(百合科Sensu Lato)和薯属(Dioscorea)的形态特征。并提出了几个新种、新变种和新组合。此外，几个被认为是独立物种的黄精分类群被证明是不同物种之间的杂交。这些结果被收录在《日本植物志》(东京高丹社)的百合科和山药科章节中。

In the present study, we revealed that an analysis of DMA sequence of plastid tmK gene 5' intron region is often very effective in order to construct the phylogenetic tree that provides high resolution of relationships among species / infraspecific taxa Thus, we conducted not a single gene analysis of matK but a combined analysis of tmK 5' intron and matK to construct the exact phylogenetic tree of Heloniopsis, which is one of the morphologically primitive genera among the monocotyledons. And, using this phylogenetic tree, we studied this genus from phylogenetical, phylogeographical and taxonomical points of view. As the results, we revealed that the Korean Heloniopsis, which has been considered to be the same with H. orientals in Japan, consists of two new species. And we named them H. tubiflora and H. koreana, respectively. We revealed also that the plants in Kanto Province, which have been assigned to H. orientals var. flavida (=H. breviscapa var flavida), are H. breviscapa var, breviscapa, and H. breviscapa var. breviscapa is disjunctly distributed in Kanto Province and Chugoku-Shikoku-Kyushu Provinces. Consequently, we established a new classification of Heloniopsis, where seven species and one variety are recognized.In the present study, besides the molecular analyses, we analyzed morphological characters of Polygonatum and Hosta (Liliaceae sensu lato) and Dioscorea (Dioscoreaoeae), which are all regarded as morphologically primitive monocotyledons. And, we proposed several new species, new varieties and new combinations. Further, the several Polygonatum taxa that have been considered as independent species turned out to be hybrids between different species. These results are included in Liliaceae and Dioscoreaceae chapters of Flora of Japan IVb (Kodansha, Tokyo).