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Studies on diversity of Cretaceous vascular plants and their symbiotic organisms

白垩纪维管植物及其共生生物多样性研究

基本信息

批准号：
13640701
负责人：
NISHIDA Harufumi
金额：
$ 2.05万
依托单位：
CHUO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13640701/
关键词：
Cretaceous fossil arthropods Tempskya VA mycorrhiza insect gall permineralized fossil X-ray CT arbscular菌生態系

项目摘要

In the fiscal year of 2002, 1 carried out a field collection trip to Hokkaido, where a large number of nodules containing plant fragments were collected. Since there were few material that can fit the purpose of this study, I continued taxonomic identification of a previously collected fructification of possible gymnosperm, and further search of fossil fungi and arthropods in the fossil plant tissue. Although I could not find any fungi nor arthropods, the fructification itself was identified as a new species of gymnosperm that can be assigned to a new order. A fossil tree fern rhizome donated from an amateur collector was designated as a new species of the Cyatheaceae, which is attributable to the genus Dicksonia. Both new taxa will be described elsewhere.I have continued microscopical search of fossil fungi in permineralized fossils, mainly woods, collected from the Cretaceous of Goshonoura Series, Kumamoto Pref., Sebayashi Series, Gunma Pref., Kuji and Taneichi Series, Iwate Pref., a … More nd Yezo Group, Hokkaido. Wood decaying fungi were commonly found in disorganizing tissues. This shows wide activity of wood decaying fungi in the Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem. Also found important was the predominant occurrence of VA (vesicular-arbuscular) mycorrhizae in the root cortical layer of a Cretaceous tree-fern Tempskya. The VA mycorrhizae were absent in the root system of any Cyatheaceous ferns, which also exhibit a tree habit. It is likely that mutualistic VA mycorrhizae made Tempskya possible to effectively absorb inorganic materials. Collapse of this mutualistic relationship might have causec extinction of Tempskya by the end of the Cretaceous.Search of arthropods in permineralized fossils from Hokkaido resulted in findings of 3 different insects in two different organs. One insect was found in a gymnosperm fructification, and was attributed to the Psocoptera. Other two existed in a deformed tissue of a gymnospermn twig, which is a possible insect gall. One is a poorly preserved larva hard to taxonomically identify, and the other is a small adult that nested in a round sturucture probably made by itself. The adult form was comparable to the Staphilinoidea of Polyphaga. The findings provided evidence of varying ways of use of plant tissues by insects in the Cretaceous ecosystem. Less

在2002财年，我对北海道进行了实地采集，在那里采集到了大量含有植物碎片的根瘤。由于符合本研究目的的材料很少，我继续对先前收集到的可能为裸子植物的果实进行分类鉴定，并进一步在植物组织化石中寻找真菌和节肢动物化石。虽然我没有发现任何真菌和节肢动物，但果实本身被确定为裸子植物的一个新种，可以分配到一个新的目。一位业余收藏家捐赠的一根树蕨化石被指定为Cyatheaceae的新种，属于Dicksonia属。这两个新分类群将在其他地方描述。我继续在白垩纪Goshonoura系列，Kumamoto Pref， Sebayashi系列，Gunma Pref， Kuji和Taneichi系列，Iwate Pref， a…More和Yezo Group，北海道的过矿化化石（主要是木材）中进行化石真菌的微观研究。木材腐烂真菌常见于无序组织中。这表明了白垩纪陆地生态系统中木材腐烂真菌的广泛活动。同样重要的是，白垩纪树蕨的根皮质层中主要存在VA（泡状-丛枝）菌根。在任何Cyatheaceous蕨类植物的根系中都没有VA菌根，这也表现出树木的习性。可能是相互依存的VA菌根使temskya能够有效地吸收无机物质。这种互惠关系的崩溃可能导致了坦普斯基亚在白垩纪末期的灭绝。在北海道的过矿化化石中寻找节肢动物，结果发现了3种不同的昆虫在两个不同的器官中。一种昆虫是在裸子植物果实中发现的，并被认为是Psocoptera。另外两个存在于裸子植物枝条的变形组织中，这可能是昆虫的瘿。一种是保存不良的幼虫，难以分类识别，另一种是在圆形结构中筑巢的小型成虫，可能是它自己造的。成虫的形态与多食虫属的葡萄球菌总科相当。这些发现为白垩纪生态系统中昆虫利用植物组织的不同方式提供了证据。少