Evolution of life forms and mycorrhizal relationships in Cymbidium

蕙兰生命形式的进化和菌根关系

• 批准号: 13640708
• 负责人: YUKAWA Tomohisa
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: National Science Museum
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13640708/
• 关键词: life form; epiphytism; parasitism; Cymbidium; Orchidaceae; mycorrhiza; molecular systematics; organography; 菌寄生

Cymbidium Sw., an orchid genus distributed from. East and Southeast Asia to Australia, comprises about 50 species. The genus exhibits distinctive ecological diversification and occurs in terrestrial, epiphytic, and lithophytic life forms. Moreover, Cymbidium section Pachirhizanthe lacks foliage leaves and has an obligate mycotrophic nutritional existence. In this study correlation between various morphological and anatomical characters and ecological characters was tested for most species of Cymbidium and its sister groups. Furthermore, a molecular phylogenetic tree of Cymbidium (Yukawa et al.2002) was used to examine phylogenetic constraint of these characters. The following insights were provided : (1)In Cymbidium, lithophytic and terrestrial life forms were likely to be derived from epiphytic habitat at least three times. (2)The obligate mycotrophic lineage, Cymbidium section Pachyrhizanthe diverged from a terrestrial progenitor. (3)The seed of epiphytic species showed higher hydrop … More hilicity and larger dimensions than that of terrestrial species. (4)The seed size of obligate mycotrophic species decreased greatly in comparison with its sister photosynthetic species. (5)Development of ramified rhizomes was found only in terrestrial species. We found that this type of the rhizome is the principal dwelling for mycorrhizal fungi. (6)In this genus, development of sclerenchymatous fibers in leaves is correlated to the degree of epiphytism. (7)Differentiation of palisade tissue and amphistomaty are likely adapted to high light stress because the species possessing these characters inhabit trees at exposed positions. (8)Orchid-type endomycorrhizal fungi and tree ectomycorrhizal fungi were found in Cymbidium roots and/or rhizomes. Although terrestrial Cymbidium species symbiose with both types of fungi, epiphytic species show symbiosis only with Orchid-type endomycorrhizal fungi. On the other hand, obligate mycotrophic species symbiose exclusively with tree ectomycorrhizal fungi. Less

兰属，一个兰花属，分布于。东亚和东南亚至澳大利亚，约有50种。该属具有独特的生态多样性，并发生在陆生，附生和石生的生活形式。此外，大球兰组缺乏树叶，并且具有专性真菌营养营养存在。本研究对大部分兰属植物及其姊妹群的形态解剖学性状与生态学性状进行了相关性分析。此外，还利用Yukawa et al.2002的分子系统树分析了这些性状的系统发育约束。结果表明：（1）在建兰中，岩生和陆生生活型至少有三次起源于附生生境。（2）专性真菌营养谱系，即厚根兰组（Cymbidium sect. Pachyrhizanthe），是从陆生祖先分化而来的。（3）附生植物种子含水量较高， ...更多信息 喜性和更大的尺寸比陆地物种。（4）专性真菌营养种的种子大小比其姊妹光合种小得多。（5）分枝根状茎的发育仅见于陆生植物。我们发现这种类型的根茎是菌根真菌的主要栖息地。(6)In本属，叶中厚壁组织纤维的发育与附生的程度相关。（7）具有栅栏组织分化和双气孔特征的树种可能是适应强光胁迫的树种，因为这些特征的树种都栖息在树木的裸露部位。（8）在兰属植物的根和/或根状茎中发现了兰科植物的内生菌根真菌和树木的外生菌根真菌。虽然陆生兰属植物与这两种真菌共生，但附生兰属植物只与兰科植物内生真菌共生。另一方面，专性真菌营养物种共生专性与树木外生菌根真菌。少

项目成果

Yukawa, T.: "Cymbidium wadae(Orchidaceae) - a new species from Thailand"Annals of the Tsukuba Botanical Garden. 21. 135-138 (2002)

Yukawa, T.：“Cymbidium wadae（兰科）-来自泰国的新物种”筑波植物园年鉴。

Yukawa, T., Stern, W.L.: "Comparative vegetative anatomy and systematics of Cymbidium(Cymbidieae, Orchidaceae)"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. (in press).

Yukawa, T., Stern, W.L.：“蕙兰（兰科，兰科）的比较营养解剖学和系统学”林奈学会植物学杂志。

Molecular phylogeny and character evolution of Cymbidium(Orchidaceae)

兰科蕙兰的分子系统发育及性状演化

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. B 28
• 作者: Yukawa;T.
• 通讯作者: T.

Yukawa, T., Stern, W.L.: "Comparative vegetative anatomy and systematics of Cymbidium(Cymbidieae, Orchidaceae)"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 138. 383-419 (2002)

Yukawa, T., Stern, W.L.：“蕙兰（兰科，兰科）的比较营养解剖学和系统学”林奈学会植物学杂志。

Cymbidium wadae(Orchidaceae)-a new species from Thailand

兰科蕙兰——泰国新种

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. B 21
• 作者: Yukawa;T.
• 通讯作者: T.