Evolution of life forms and mycorrhizal relationships in Cymbidium

蕙兰生命形式的进化和菌根关系

• 批准号: 13640708
• 负责人: YUKAWA Tomohisa
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: National Science Museum
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13640708/
• 关键词: life form; epiphytism; parasitism; Cymbidium; Orchidaceae; mycorrhiza; molecular systematics; organography; 菌寄生

Cymbidium Sw., an orchid genus distributed from. East and Southeast Asia to Australia, comprises about 50 species. The genus exhibits distinctive ecological diversification and occurs in terrestrial, epiphytic, and lithophytic life forms. Moreover, Cymbidium section Pachirhizanthe lacks foliage leaves and has an obligate mycotrophic nutritional existence. In this study correlation between various morphological and anatomical characters and ecological characters was tested for most species of Cymbidium and its sister groups. Furthermore, a molecular phylogenetic tree of Cymbidium (Yukawa et al.2002) was used to examine phylogenetic constraint of these characters. The following insights were provided : (1)In Cymbidium, lithophytic and terrestrial life forms were likely to be derived from epiphytic habitat at least three times. (2)The obligate mycotrophic lineage, Cymbidium section Pachyrhizanthe diverged from a terrestrial progenitor. (3)The seed of epiphytic species showed higher hydrop … More hilicity and larger dimensions than that of terrestrial species. (4)The seed size of obligate mycotrophic species decreased greatly in comparison with its sister photosynthetic species. (5)Development of ramified rhizomes was found only in terrestrial species. We found that this type of the rhizome is the principal dwelling for mycorrhizal fungi. (6)In this genus, development of sclerenchymatous fibers in leaves is correlated to the degree of epiphytism. (7)Differentiation of palisade tissue and amphistomaty are likely adapted to high light stress because the species possessing these characters inhabit trees at exposed positions. (8)Orchid-type endomycorrhizal fungi and tree ectomycorrhizal fungi were found in Cymbidium roots and/or rhizomes. Although terrestrial Cymbidium species symbiose with both types of fungi, epiphytic species show symbiosis only with Orchid-type endomycorrhizal fungi. On the other hand, obligate mycotrophic species symbiose exclusively with tree ectomycorrhizal fungi. Less

Cymbidium Sw。，一种兰花属。东亚和东南亚到澳大利亚，约有50种。该属表现出独特的生态多样化，并发生在陆生，附生和岩性生命形式中。此外，Cymbidium部分Pachirhizanthe缺乏叶子叶，并且具有乳腺营养性营养的强制性。在这项研究中，测试了大多数cy虫及其姊妹组的各种形态和解剖特征与生态特征之间的相关性。此外，使用Cymbidium的分子系统发育树（Yukawa et al.2002）检查这些特征的系统发育约束。提供了以下见解：（1）在cy虫中，岩性和陆生寿命形式可能至少来自附生栖息地。 （2）胸肌属性谱系，cybidium截面pachyrhizanthe与陆地祖细胞不同。 （3）附生物种的种子比陆地物种的水下较高的水印……更大的hilicity和更大的尺寸。 （4）与其姊妹光合物种相比，乳腺营养物种的种子大小变得很大。 （5）仅在陆地物种中发现了受分裂的根茎的发展。我们发现这种类型的根茎是菌根真菌的主要住所。 （6）在该属中，叶片中硬化纤维的发育与附生植物的程度相关。 （7）帕利塞德组织和两栖动物的分化很可能适应高光应力，因为拥有这些特征的物种会影响裸露位置的树木。 （8）在Cymbidium的根和/或根茎中发现了兰花型内瘤性真菌和树外生菌真菌。尽管陆生cymbidium物种象征着两种真菌的陆地cy象，但雌雄同体仅与兰花型内雌性植物性菌群相吻合。另一方面，与树外生菌真菌仅具有浓缩营养性物种共生。较少的

项目成果

Yukawa, T., Stern, W.L.: "Comparative vegetative anatomy and systematics of Cymbidium(Cymbidieae, Orchidaceae)"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 138. 383-419 (2002)

Yukawa, T., Stern, W.L.：“蕙兰（兰科，兰科）的比较营养解剖学和系统学”林奈学会植物学杂志。

Yukawa, T., K.Miyoshi, J.Yokoyama: "Molecular phylogeny and character evolution of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae)"Bulletin of National Science Museum, Tokyo, Ser. B. 28. 129-139 (2002)

Yukawa, T., K.Miyoshi, J.Yokoyama：“蕙兰（兰科）的分子系统发育和性状进化”国立科学博物馆通报，东京，系列。

Yukawa, T., K.Miyoshi, J.Yokoyama: "Molecular phylogeny and character evolution of Cymbidium(Orchidaceae)."Bulletin of National Science Museum, Tokyo, Ser.B. 28. 129-139 (2002)

Yukawa, T., K.Miyoshi, J.Yokoyama：“蕙兰（兰科）的分子系统发育和性状进化。”国立科学博物馆通报，东京，Ser.B。

Yukawa, T.: "Cymbidium wadae(Orchidaceae) - a new species from Thailand"Annals of the Tsukuba Botanical Garden. 21. 135-138 (2002)

Yukawa, T.：“Cymbidium wadae（兰科）-来自泰国的新物种”筑波植物园年鉴。

Yukawa, T., Stern, W.L.: "Comparative vegetative anatomy and systematics of Cymbidium(Cymbidieae, Orchidaceae)"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. (in press).

Yukawa, T., Stern, W.L.：“蕙兰（兰科，兰科）的比较营养解剖学和系统学”林奈学会植物学杂志。