Prediction and Evaluation of Long Extended Infrastructures Near a Fault

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A general stiffness matrix method of simulation of earthquake ground motions has been developed for a kinematic model of fault rupture in laterally homogeneous layered media. Using the simulated ground motions with the permanent ground movements near a fault, The effects of the sedimentary layer and the depth of the upper edge of the fault upon the ground motions, and also upon the nature of inelastic response of the viaduct and the pipeline have been examined. It is found that the seismic wave motions near a fault are quite complex, and the spatial and temporal variation looks like the vortexes appearing behind an obstacle in the air or water flow, and also found that the thickness of the sedimentary layer strongly affects on the response behaviors of the viaduct and buried pipeline near a fault.By improving the simulation code of tsunami, the tsunamis of the 1854 Nankai earthquake and the 1968 Hyuganada earthquake have been simulated and their accuracy has been examined by comparing with the observed data. Also the tsunami wave forces acting on the offshore structures have been simulated. It is found that the tsunami wave forces on the structure are estimated to be about 10% of the earthquake loadings. This finding is tentative and the examinations by changing the conditions will be necessary.