Formulation of a model for the budgets of heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide with a regelation and soil

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Several sub-models were investigated to formulate a model for estimating the budgets of heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide within vegetation and soil, that is -(1) a turbulence closure model for moist air within vegetation, (2) a radiation transfer model within vegetation, (3) a stomatal conductance model, (4) a root water-uptake model, (5) a simultaneous heat and water transfer model within soil, (6) a root respiration model, and (7) a soil respiration model.The model for the budgets of heat, water vapor, and carbon dioxide within vegetation was verified in this study. And the heat budget within vegetation was numerically investigated in detail. The followings became clear from the investigation: (1) A great deal of radiation absorbed by leaves is released by transpiration. (2) Long-wave radiation is not omitted in estimating the heat budget in comparison with short-wave radiation.