Municipal Plebiscite as Citizen Participation for Town Planning and its Actualities in Germany

在德国，市级公民投票最早是在巴登-符腾堡州实行的，20世纪90年代，这一制度经过一些改进，扩展到所有13个州。公民投票要达到其目的有三个障碍：要求签名的数目、公民投票的可接受性和投票结果。主张签名和投票是数量障碍，公民投票的可接受性是质量障碍。在这些障碍中，可采性存在一些问题点，因此这一障碍应该变得简单和低。关于数量上的障碍，很难确定条件，但一些关系到市政得票率的高低似乎是有效的。就投票而言，将“绝对得票率”作为批准条件的制度当然是合理的。从德国的经验来看，公民投票并没有削弱代议制民主制度，而是激活了它。因此，引入公民投票在我国也被认为具有重大意义。

In Germany, plebiscite of municipal level is introduced at first in the State of Baden Wurttemberg, and this system expanded to all 13 states in the 1990s with some improvements.There are three hurdles for a plebiscite to obtain its purpose: these are the number of claim signatures, the admissibility of plebiscite and the result of vote. The claim signature and the vote are quantitative hurdles, and the admissibility of plebiscite is a qualitative one. Among these hurdles, the admissibility has some problematic points, so this hurdle should become simple and low. About the quantitative hurdles, it is difficult to determine the condition, but some relationships to the height of the municipal vote rate seem to be effective. With regard to the vote, the system to assume "Absolute vote rate" to be an approval requirement is certainly a rational one.It is understood from German experiences, that the plebiscite does not weaken the representative democratic system, but activate it. So introducing plebiscite is thought to have a great meaning in our country also.