Study on the Pressurizing Measurement Method for the Airightness of the Building Envelope

对建筑围护结构气密性检测的新方法进行了理论和实验验证。该方法采用交变压力，特别是脉冲压力，用质量平衡方程和气室内空气状态的理论方程来表示气室内的压力变化。这个压力变化的微分方程式包含了漏风量的参数，但由于其非线性，无法解析求解。当气室内没有气源时，该方程可以解析地预测压力的衰减。给出了通过将实测压力衰减与理论方程进行拟合来数值计算泄漏参数的步骤。制作了试验室和风量监测装置，对已知形状和大小的裂缝进行了漏风测量。对恒压法和变压法进行了试验。The p…室内更大的压力是通过风扇或高压气缸将空气推入室内，上升到比外面高出几百帕斯卡的高度，突然空气停止供应。前者被称为降级法，后者被称为冲动法。恒压法的实验结果表明，在很大的裂纹尺寸范围内，裂纹的等效面积与实际面积吻合得很好。结果表明，对于较小的裂隙，等效面积与实际面积的一致性较好，而对于较大的裂隙，等效面积与实际面积的一致性较差。这是因为裂缝越大，压降就越陡峭，很难对快速衰减进行精确的数值模拟。高压圆筒冲击增压法(IPM)可以非常方便地测量真实建筑围护结构的漏风量，而不需要送风机和风道系统。不需要布置，IPM对于密闭的建筑是很好的方法，但对于松散的建筑不是。对较小的裂纹继续进行了实验，找到了IPM应用的限制范围。较少

The new method for measuring the air-tightness of the building envelopes were tested theoretically and experimentally. In the method alterative pressure particularly impulse one was applied.Pressure changes in a chamber were expressed with the theoretical equation which were derived from the equations of mass balance and of the state of the air in the chamber. This pressure change, differential equation includes the parameters of the air leakage, but can not be solved analytically for it's non-linearity. When there is no air source in the chamber, this differential equation can predicted the decay of pressure analytically. The procedure calculating the leakage parameters numerically by fitting measured pressure decay to the theoretical equation was provided.A test chamber and a monitorial device of airflow volume were made to conduct the measurement of the air leakage of cracks which shape and size were known. Both the constant pressure method and the alterative ones were tested. The p … More ressure in the chamber into which some amount of air is pushed is by a fan or by a high pressure cylinder is raised to the level several hundred Pascal higher than outside and suddenly the air is stopped to supply. The former is said the step-down method and the latter impulse one. The experimental results given from the constant pressure method show that the equivalent areas of the cracks agree very well with real ones over wide range in the crack size. That of the alterative ones indicates that the agreement between the equivalent areas and the real ones is very well for smaller cracks but not for lager ones. The reason for this is that the larger the crack is, the steeper the pressure drop is and the precise, numerical simulation of the rapid decay is very difficult.Impulsive pressurization method(IPM) by a high pressure cylinder is very convenient to measure the air leakage of the real building envelope without a supply fan and duct system. There needs no arrangement to apply, IPM is the excellent method for the airtight buildings, but not for loose ones. The experiments for smaller cracks were continued and the limits within which IPM is restricted to be apply were found. Less